Your FREE GMAT Flashcards 2026 – 250+ Cards

2 — and 1 is not prime.

Even. (Even × anything = even.)

Odd.

Even.

Even.

Odd.

Always even — one of the two is even.

A whole number > 1 with exactly two factors: 1 and itself.

No. 1 has only one factor.

2 (also the only even prime).

Always odd.

n(n + 1)/2.

The sum of the digits is divisible by 3.

The sum of the digits is divisible by 9.

The last two digits form a number divisible by 4.

Divisible by both 2 and 3.

The last three digits form a number divisible by 8.

The largest integer that divides two numbers exactly.

The smallest positive integer that is a multiple of both numbers.

Break a number into primes to find GCF, LCM, and factor counts.

7, 9, 3, 1 — then the cycle repeats (length 4).

4 (2, 4, 8, 6, repeat).

1 (for any nonzero x).

$x^{a+b}$ — add exponents when multiplying the same base.

$x^{a-b}$ — subtract exponents when dividing the same base.

$x^{ab}$ — multiply exponents for a power of a power.

1/xᵃ — a negative exponent is a reciprocal.

√a × √b (for nonnegative a, b).

(new − original) ÷ original × 100. Always divide by the ORIGINAL.

28 ÷ 80 = 0.35 = 35%.

Divide and multiply by 100 (e.g., 3/8 = 0.375 = 37.5%).

Multiply factors (×1.1 then ×0.9), do not add them.

Returns to 75% of the start, not 100% — changes multiply.

A comparison of quantities; scale up or down by a common factor.

Add the parts; each part is its share of the whole.

As one quantity rises, the other rises by the same factor (y = kx).

As one rises, the other falls (xy = constant).

rate × time.

Add the individual rates (jobs per hour) — never add the times.

(a × b) ÷ (a + b) for individual times a and b.

rate × time.

total distance ÷ total time (NOT the average of the two speeds).

principal × rate × time.

Faster than simple interest — interest earns interest.

sum of values ÷ number of values.

The middle value when data is ordered (average of the two middle values if even count).

The most frequently occurring value.

largest value − smallest value.

An outlier moves the mean more than the median.

Σ(value × weight) ÷ Σ(weights) — weight by each group's share.

How spread out data is around the mean; larger = more dispersion.

ax² + bx + c = 0.

x = (−b ± √(b² − 4ac)) ÷ (2a).

Find two numbers that multiply to c and add to b.

a² − b² = (a + b)(a − b).

a² + 2ab + b².

a² − 2ab + b².

Multiplying or dividing both sides by a negative flips < to > (and vice versa).

Substitution or elimination — combine to remove one variable.

Distance from zero; |x| = a gives x = a or x = −a.

rise ÷ run = (y₂ − y₁) ÷ (x₂ − x₁).

y = mx + b, where m is slope and b is the y-intercept.

Plug the input x into the rule to get the output.

Plug answer choices into the question; start with B or D.

Choose easy values (often 100 for percents) for variable problems.

favorable outcomes ÷ total possible outcomes.

P(A) × P(B).

P(A) + P(B).

1 − P(A).

Permutation: order matters. Combination: order doesn't.

n! ÷ (r!(n − r)!).

n × (n−1) × … × 2 × 1; note 0! = 1.

If one event has m ways and another n ways, together m × n ways.

Union = in either set; intersection = in both.

Total = A + B − (both) + neither.

No — geometry was removed from the Focus Edition.

No calculator is allowed in Quantitative Reasoning.

Problem Solving only (Data Sufficiency moved to Data Insights).

21 questions in 45 minutes.

Use a weighted average of the components' concentrations.

Round and approximate when answer choices are far apart.

Bookmark any question; change up to 3 answers per section before time ends.

Section-adaptive — difficulty adjusts to your performance within each section.

Divide by 100 (e.g., 35% = 0.35).

Multiply by 100 (e.g., 0.4 = 40%).

Move the decimal one place left.

Move the decimal two places left.

Divide the part by the decimal form of the percent.

(60 − 50) ÷ 50 = 20% increase.

(250 − 200) ÷ 250 = 20% decrease.

Markup is over cost; margin is over selling price.

selling price − cost.

Cross-multiply: a/b vs c/d → compare a·d with b·c.

Use a common denominator, then add numerators.

Multiply numerators and denominators straight across.

Multiply by the reciprocal of the second fraction.

b/a.

Divide; the quotient is the whole part, remainder over divisor is the fraction.

√a ÷ √b — the root distributes over a quotient.

1, 4, 9, 16, 25, 36, 49, 64, 81, 100, 121, 144, 169, 196, 225.

8, 27, 64, 125.

1.41.

1.73.

Between 7 and 8 (closer to 7, since 7² = 49).

Positive.

Negative.

Not a real number.

Parentheses, Exponents, Multiply/Divide, Add/Subtract — left to right.

a(b + c) = ab + ac.

Isolate the variable using inverse operations on both sides.

a/b = c/d → a·d = b·c.

Differ by 2: x, x+2, x+4, …

Equals the median (the middle value).

average × number of terms.

b − a + 1.

What's left after division; remainder < divisor.

Ends in 0.

Ends in 0 or 5.

Ends in an even digit (0, 2, 4, 6, 8).

0ⁿ = 0 for n > 0; 0⁰ is undefined on the GMAT.

Equal to √x (a one-half power is a root).

A number as a × 10ⁿ with 1 ≤ a < 10.

Use total distance ÷ total time, never the mean of the rates.

Let the parts be multiples of a variable (e.g., 2x and 3x).

Resulting concentration is the weighted average of the two.

Compound, because it earns interest on interest.

Multiply the decimals (e.g., 20% of 30% = 0.06 = 6%).

Treat other letters as constants; isolate the target variable.

Be careful — the sign of the denominator affects the direction.

Discriminant b² − 4ac < 0.

Sum = −b/a; product = c/a.

Apply g first, then f to the result.

'is' → equals (=); 'of' → multiply (×).

x = 1.25y.

x = 0.70y.

How long for a quantity to double under repeated growth.

1 (distinct primes share no common factor > 1).

The whole number is divisible by 3.

Average the two middle values.

The mean stays the same; the standard deviation decreases.

Mean, median, and SD all scale by k.

The one whose values are closest together.

x − 3 = 5 or x − 3 = −5 → x = 8 or x = −2.

Geometry is not on the Focus Edition — skip pure geometry formulas.

Product = multiply; quotient = divide.

Sum = add; difference = subtract.

(selling − cost) ÷ cost × 100.

3/7 and 4/7 (parts over the sum of parts).

120 ÷ (2 + 1) = 40 mph (not 45).

Percent problems with unknown starting amounts.

Estimate magnitude; reject choices that are obviously too big/small.

Product is positive; odd number of negatives → negative.

Reading Comprehension and Critical Reasoning.

No — sentence correction (grammar) was removed.

23 questions in 45 minutes.

The main point the argument tries to establish.

The facts offered to support the conclusion.

An unstated premise the argument needs to be valid — the missing link.

Deny the choice; if the argument collapses, it's the necessary assumption.

Attack the assumption — offer an alternative cause or counterexample.

Confirm the assumption or rule out alternative explanations.

Assuming one thing caused another just because they occur together.

Provide a different cause for the same result.

Name what's wrong with the logic (e.g., overgeneralizing, false analogy).

Find the question whose answer would most affect the conclusion.

Find the fact that explains how two surprising statements both hold.

A conclusion that must follow from the stated facts alone.

Stay close to the text; reject choices needing outside assumptions.

The central point covering the WHOLE passage — not one detail.

Choices that are too narrow or too broad.

Return to the exact line; don't answer from memory.

Why a sentence or paragraph is there — its role in the argument.

Match the strength of the author's language; avoid extremes unless stated.

Separate what the author believes from views they cite to criticize.

Mirror images — one confirms the assumption, the other breaks it.

Quantifiers matter; an exception can break an 'all' statement.

Map purpose and paragraph roles first; return for details as needed.

Necessary: required for the argument; sufficient: enough to guarantee it.

Identify the role each bolded statement plays (premise, conclusion, etc.).

Choose the option that logically finishes the reasoning.

A choice that subtly changes the topic from the argument's actual scope.

Answers with 'always/never/only' are often too strong to be supported.

A weaken choice that actually strengthens (or vice versa) — read the task.

64 questions in 2 hours 15 minutes (45 min per section).

Flexible — you choose any of the six possible orders.

One 10-minute break, after the first or second section.

No — the Analytical Writing Assessment was removed.

Up to 5 programs at the time of registration.

Short to medium business, science, or social-science passages with several questions.

Skim for the main point and structure, not every fact.

The passage only — never outside knowledge.

Four choices are true/supported; the answer is the one that is NOT.

Purpose = why the author wrote it; main idea = what it says overall.

Find the conclusion, the evidence, and the assumption linking them.

Therefore, thus, so, hence, clearly.

Because, since, for, as, given that.

Assumption, strengthen, weaken, evaluate, flaw — all turn on the gap.

Generalizing from an unrepresentative or too-small sample.

Respondents may be biased or untruthful.

A higher percent doesn't mean a higher absolute number (and vice versa).

Attacking the source rather than the argument — a reasoning flaw.

Using the conclusion as its own evidence.

Treating two unlike situations as comparable.

Using one word in two different senses within the argument.

Evaluate whether a proposed action will achieve its goal.

Show the plan addresses the real obstacle to the goal.

Show an obstacle or side effect that defeats the goal.

Inference follows FROM the argument; assumption is needed BY it.

Introduces information irrelevant to the argument.

Does the reverse of what the question asks (e.g., strengthens a weaken).

Anticipate the answer's role, then match — it speeds elimination.

In CR, yes — knowing the task focuses your read of the argument.

Anywhere — beginning, middle, or end; find it by meaning, not position.

A strengthen question — add evidence for the conclusion.

A weaken question — break the link to the conclusion.

An inference — must be fully supported by the stated facts.

Usually measured/objective — extreme tones are rare and often traps.

A true statement that's too narrow to be the main idea.

Short — usually a few sentences; read precisely.

Rule out another possible cause of the result.

Pinpoint the assumption the question would test.

Choices that go beyond or distort what the passage states.

Watch 'but, however, although' — they often signal the main point.

The role a detail plays, not whether it's true.

The Focus Edition section testing data literacy; Data Sufficiency lives here now.

20 questions in 45 minutes.

Yes — an on-screen calculator is allowed (only in this section).

Data Sufficiency, Multi-Source Reasoning, Table Analysis, Graphics Interpretation, Two-Part Analysis.

Decide whether the statements give enough info to answer — not what the answer is.

Statement (1) alone is sufficient, but (2) alone is not.

Statement (2) alone is sufficient, but (1) alone is not.

Both statements together are sufficient, but neither alone is.

Each statement alone is sufficient.

Statements (1) and (2) together are NOT sufficient.

Yes — A–E are identical on every Data Sufficiency question. Memorize them.

Test (1) alone, then (2) alone, then both together only if needed.

Fully solving — stop as soon as you know whether the data is enough.

Sufficient means a DEFINITE yes or a definite no — not a maybe.

Combine 2–3 tabbed sources (text, tables, graphics) to answer linked questions.

Skim each tab to learn what it holds; then fetch only the data the question needs.

Sort and read a spreadsheet-style table to judge true/false statements.

Sort by the relevant column first to evaluate statements quickly.

Read a chart or graph and complete statements via drop-down menus.

Check axis labels, units, and scale before answering.

Choose one answer in each of two related columns from a shared option set.

The two parts are related — one choice often constrains the other.

It's weighted equally with Quant and Verbal — don't under-prepare it.

Each point is a paired (x, y) value; look for an upward/downward trend.

Compare category heights; check the axis scale for the true difference.

Track change over time; the slope shows the rate of change.

Each slice is a percent of the whole; the slices sum to 100%.

Frequency = count per category; cumulative = running total.

Find the middle data point by counting up the frequencies.

The percent of values at or below a given value.

Shows the overall direction; individual points may vary around it.

205–805, in 10-point increments (always ends in 5).

60–90 for each of the three sections.

Three section scores, equally weighted, combine into the 205–805 total.

Roughly 545 on the Focus scale.

Scores are valid for 5 years.

About $275 at a test center, $300 online (excluding tax).

Picking 'both together' before checking each statement alone.

Both statements are always true; they just may or may not be sufficient.

Sufficient means the statements pin down ONE exact value.

Simplify what you actually need before testing the statements.

Often several questions (some yes/no, some multiple choice) per prompt.

A set of true/false (or yes/no) statements to evaluate from the table.

Drop-down menus that complete sentences about the graphic.

A grid: pick one option for each of two columns.

Bars show frequency over value ranges (bins); look at shape and center.

A long right tail; mean > median.

A long left tail; mean < median.

Mean ≈ median ≈ mode.

Points trending up = positive; trending down = negative.

Causation — a Data Insights and CR theme alike.

The slope between two points = change in y ÷ change in x.

Account for group sizes when combining averages.

Rows and columns of counts; read joint and marginal totals.

A row or column total (the 'margin') of a two-way table.

Thousands vs. millions and % vs. count change the answer.

~2.25 minutes per question on average; don't sink time in one source.

Sufficient (a definite answer).

Insufficient.

Only if neither alone is sufficient; then test both together.

Evaluate (1) and (2) independently before combining.

All parts of a single MSR item must be correct to earn credit.

Sort the table by the column the statement is about.

Identify what each color/series represents before answering.

Find values satisfying the shared constraint at each extreme.

Heavy arithmetic; still reason first to avoid wasted keystrokes.

(later − earlier) ÷ earlier × 100, read off the axis values.

Each segment adds to the total bar; compare segments and totals.

A point far from the trend; note its effect on any average.

Quantitative, verbal, or both — the section is intentionally blended.

20 questions, 45 minutes — protect time for multi-part prompts.