This free ISEE study guide teaches to the — every section the tests, organized the way the exam is built.[1] The ISEE has five sections: , , , , and an unscored essay.
It’s interactive, not a wall of text: every scored section has a built-in checkpoint quiz, hover-able glossary terms, worked math examples, and concept questions, so you learn by doing.
Read it section by section, test yourself at each checkpoint, then round out your free ISEE prep with our practice questions and flashcards.
ISEE Exam Snapshot
The numbers below are for the Upper Level (applying to grades 9–12); the Middle Level (grades 7–8) is identical, and the Lower Level (grades 5–6) has the same sections with fewer questions.[2]
| Detail | ISEE |
|---|---|
| Sections | 5 — Verbal Reasoning, Quantitative Reasoning, Reading Comprehension, Mathematics Achievement, Essay |
| Scored questions | 160 — 40 Verbal + 37 Quantitative + 36 Reading + 47 Math Achievement |
| Essay | 1 prompt, 30 minutes, unscored (a copy is sent to schools) |
| Total time | About 2 hours 40 minutes of testing + two short breaks |
| Score per section | Scaled 760–940, a percentile rank, and a stanine (1–9) |
| Passing score | None — norm-referenced; each school sets its own bar |
| Guessing penalty | None — answer every question |
| Frequency | Once per season; up to 3 times per year (Fall, Winter, Spring) |
| Administered by | Educational Records Bureau (ERB) |
Four sections are scored; the essay is unscored but sent to schools. Lower Level has the same sections with fewer questions.
- 1 · Verbal Reasoning40 questions · 20 min. Synonyms and sentence completion — vocabulary and verbal reasoning.
- 2 · Quantitative Reasoning37 questions · 35 min. Word problems and (Middle/Upper) quantitative comparisons — reasoning over computation.
- Short break
- 3 · Reading Comprehension36 questions · 35 min. Read passages; answer main idea, detail, inference, vocabulary, and tone.
- 4 · Mathematics Achievement47 questions · 40 min. Grade-level math: numbers, algebra, geometry, measurement, data.
- Short break
- 5 · Essay (unscored)1 prompt · 30 min. Not scored, but a copy is sent to every school you apply to.
~160 scored questions · about 2 hours 40 minutes of testing (Upper / Middle), plus two breaks.
Because two of the four scored sections are math (Quantitative Reasoning and Mathematics Achievement), math makes up half of your section scores — so it pays to be strong in both.[2] The largest single section by question count is Mathematics Achievement:
Two of the four scored sections are math (Quantitative Reasoning + Mathematics Achievement) — so math is half your section scores. Plus a 30-minute unscored essay.
There is no passing score — your percentile compares you with other applicants in the same grade. Wrong answers never cost points, so answer every question.
Each scored section is reported with three numbers: a , a comparing you with same-grade applicants, and a from 1 to 9.[5] There is no passing score — schools weigh the ISEE alongside grades, recommendations, and interviews. This guide teaches all five sections, scored sections first, then the essay.
1 · Verbal Reasoning
40 questions · 20 minutes (Upper / Middle). Verbal Reasoning tests vocabulary and verbal reasoning through two question types — and .[3] It is the fastest-paced section, so reading carefully and knowing word parts both pay off.
Synonyms
A synonym question gives you a single capitalized word and four choices; you pick the one closest in meaning. If you know the word, put it in a sentence and test which choice could replace it. If you don’t, fall back on word parts and the word’s general “charge” — is it positive or negative?
| Word | Closest synonym | Antonym (trap) |
|---|---|---|
| ABUNDANT | Plentiful | Scarce |
| BRITTLE | Fragile | Flexible |
| FRUGAL | Thrifty | Wasteful |
| LENIENT | Merciful | Harsh |
| MUNDANE | Ordinary | Extraordinary |
Sentence Completion
Sentence completion gives a sentence with a blank (and, on the Upper Level, sometimes two blanks) and asks for the word(s) that best fit. The trick is to predict your own word first, then choose the closest match. Use — signal words that tell you the direction of the blank:
| Signal | Relationship | Examples |
|---|---|---|
| Contrast | The blank reverses the idea | although, but, however, despite, yet |
| Cause / effect | The blank follows from the idea | because, so, therefore, since |
| Continuation | The blank matches the idea | and, also, moreover, in addition |
| Example | The blank illustrates the idea | for example, such as, including |
Building Vocabulary (Roots & Affixes)
When you meet an unfamiliar word, break it into parts. A prefix, root, and suffix often reveal enough meaning to choose or eliminate answers:
| Part | Meaning | Examples |
|---|---|---|
| un-, in-, dis- | not / opposite | unhappy, invisible, disagree |
| re- | again / back | rewrite, return, replay |
| bene- | good / well | benefit, benevolent |
| mal- | bad / evil | malice, malfunction |
| -ous | full of | joyous, dangerous, courageous |
| -less | without | fearless, hopeless, careless |
Checkpoint · Section 1 · Verbal Reasoning
Question 1 of 10
Select the word that is most nearly the same in meaning as the capitalized word: BRITTLE
2 · Quantitative Reasoning
37 questions · 35 minutes (Upper / Middle). Quantitative Reasoning tests your ability to reason through math problems, not just compute. It rewards estimation, logic, and spotting the efficient path.[3] Two formats appear — word problems (all levels) and quantitative comparisons (Middle and Upper Levels).
Word Problems & Reasoning
Word problems describe a situation and ask for a value or relationship. Translate the words into numbers and an operation, watch your units, and estimate first — you can often eliminate two or three choices without exact calculation. Apply the (PEMDAS) carefully.
Quantitative Comparisons
A gives you Column A and Column B and asks which is larger. The four answer choices are the same every time:
These four choices are identical on every quantitative comparison. Here 2⁴ = 16 and 4² = 16, so the answer is C. When a variable is involved, plug in several values — if the answer can change, choose D.
Data, Averages & Probability
Many reasoning questions involve a small data set. Know the measures of center cold: the is the average, the is the middle value, and the mode is the most frequent value. is favorable outcomes divided by total outcomes.
| Concept | What to remember |
|---|---|
| Mean (average) | Sum of values ÷ number of values; pulled by outliers |
| Median | Middle value when ordered; resists outliers |
| Mode | The value that appears most often |
| Range | Largest value − smallest value |
| Probability | Favorable outcomes ÷ total outcomes (0 to 1) |
Checkpoint · Section 2 · Quantitative Reasoning
Question 1 of 10
Column A: the value of one fifth written as a decimal. Column B: 0.25. Choose the relationship.
3 · Reading Comprehension
36 questions · 35 minutes (Upper / Middle). You read passages — on science, literature, history, and everyday topics — and answer questions about them. You never need outside knowledge; every correct answer is supported by the passage in front of you.[3]
Main Idea & Supporting Details
A question asks for the central point of the passage; a detail question asks for a specific fact it states. The main idea is broader than any single detail but never goes beyond what the passage says. Reject answers that are too narrow (just one detail) or too broad (more than the passage supports).
Inference & Author’s Purpose
An is a conclusion the passage impliesbut doesn’t state. The correct choice is the one the text most directly supports — not the most dramatic. Author’s purpose questions ask why the passage was written: to inform, persuade, entertain, or describe.
Vocabulary in Context & Tone
A vocabulary-in-context question asks for the meaning a word has as used in the passage — not its most common definition. Substitute each choice back into the sentence and keep the one that preserves the meaning. questions ask about the author’s attitude, revealed by word choice.
Checkpoint · Section 3 · Reading Comprehension
Question 1 of 10
Read the passage and answer the question. A honeybee returning to the hive after finding a rich patch of flowers does not simply rest. Instead it performs a curious movement that scientists call the waggle dance, tracing a figure-eight pattern across the comb while shaking its body. The direction of the straight run tells the other bees the angle of the flowers relative to the sun, and the length of the waggle signals how far away the food lies. By reading this dance in the darkness of the hive, fellow workers can fly straight to a meadow none of them has ever seen. It is one of the few known cases of an animal giving directions to a place it cannot point to. What is the main idea of this passage?
4 · Mathematics Achievement
47 questions · 40 minutes (Upper / Middle) — the largest section. Unlike Quantitative Reasoning, Mathematics Achievement does require computation. It tests grade-level skills across numbers and operations, algebra, geometry, measurement, and data.[3]
Numbers & Operations
This strand covers fractions, decimals, percents, and , , exponents, and the . These are the building blocks every other strand relies on.
| Skill | Rule / example |
|---|---|
| Order of operations | PEMDAS: 2 + 3 × 4 = 2 + 12 = 14, not 20 |
| Add fractions | Common denominator first: 1/6 + 3/4 = 2/12 + 9/12 = 11/12 |
| Fraction → decimal | Divide top by bottom: 7/20 = 0.35 |
| Percent of a number | 60% of 80 = 0.6 × 80 = 48 |
| GCF / LCM | GCF(16, 40) = 8; LCM(4, 10) = 20 |
| Prime factorization | 84 = 2 × 2 × 3 × 7 |
Algebra
Algebra on the ISEE means evaluating expressions, combining like terms, using the distributive property, and solving one- and two-step equations. Work backward through the order of operations to isolate the variable.
| Skill | Rule / example |
|---|---|
| Combine like terms | 3x + 5x = 8x; 4y + 2 − y = 3y + 2 |
| Distributive property | 3(x + 5) = 3x + 15 |
| Evaluate an expression | If x = 4, then 2x + 1 = 2(4) + 1 = 9 |
| One-step equation | x + 7 = 12 → x = 5 |
| Two-step equation | 2x + 3 = 11 → 2x = 8 → x = 4 |
Geometry & Measurement
Know the workhorse formulas: area of a rectangle = length × width, area of a triangle = ½ × base × height, and area of a circle = π × r². A triangle’s interior angles always sum to 180°, and the (a² + b² = c²) finds a missing side of a right triangle. Convert measurement units by multiplying or dividing by the conversion factor.
| Shape / idea | Formula |
|---|---|
| Rectangle area / perimeter | Area = l × w; Perimeter = 2(l + w) |
| Triangle area | ½ × base × height |
| Circle area / circumference | Area = πr²; Circumference = 2πr |
| Triangle angles | Always sum to 180° |
| Pythagorean theorem | a² + b² = c² (right triangles only) |
| Unit conversions | 1 ft = 12 in, 1 m = 100 cm, 1 hr = 60 min |
Data Analysis & Probability
Read graphs and tables carefully — check the labels and the scale before you pull a value. Compute mean, median, mode, and range, and find simple probabilities. A bar may count by 2s, 5s, or 10s, so never assume the scale.
Checkpoint · Section 4 · Mathematics Achievement
Question 1 of 10
Evaluate 5 times 4 minus 18 divided by 6.
5 · The Essay (Unscored)
1 prompt · 30 minutes · not scored. The essay is the only section ERB does not score — but a copy is sent to every school you apply to, so admissions officers read it as a writing sample and compare it with your application essay.[3] Treat it as if it counts, because it does.
Essay Structure
You’ll get one age-appropriate prompt and 30 minutes to plan and write a clear, organized response. A reliable five-paragraph shape — introduction, two or three body paragraphs, and a conclusion — keeps you focused:
The essay is unscored, but a copy goes to every school. Plan first, then write a clear, organized response.
- 1Introduction · 1 paragraphOpen with a hook, then state a clear thesis — your single main point or position.
- 2Body paragraph 1 · 1 reasonYour strongest reason, plus a specific example that supports it. Start with a topic sentence.
- 3Body paragraph 2 · 1 reasonA second reason with its own example. Use a transition to connect it to the first.
- 4Body paragraph 3 (optional) · optionalA third reason or a response to the other side, if you have time.
- 5Conclusion · 1 paragraphRestate your thesis in fresh words and remind the reader of your strongest reason. No new arguments.
Spend the first few minutes planning, save the last minute or two to proofread, and write legibly — admissions staff read it.
Open with a that states your position, give each body paragraph a and a specific example, and end by restating your position in fresh words.
Writing & Proofreading Tips
Plan before you write, support every point with a concrete example, and leave a minute or two to proofread. Because the essay is handwritten and read by people, neatness and correct mechanics matter.
How to Use This Study Guide
A study guide is a map, not the whole territory — use it alongside timed practice and our free tools. Because the ISEE is broad and fast-paced, steady, mixed practice across all five sections beats one long cram.
- 1
Read a section here
Work through one section at a time — Verbal, Quantitative, Reading, Mathematics Achievement, then the Essay.
- 2
Take the checkpoint
The quick check at the end of each scored section exposes what didn't stick.
- 3
Drill the gaps
Send your weak section straight into the free practice questions and flashcards.
- 4
Take full, timed practice
Sit a full, timed practice test to build pacing and stamina, then review every miss.
ISEE Concept Questions
Common ISEE skills the test actually measures — at least one per section. Tap any card for a short, exam-ready answer backed by an official source (ERB), then test yourself on them as flashcards.
ISEE Glossary
Quick definitions for the terms you’ll see most across the ISEE:
- Antonym
- A word that means the opposite of another (hot/cold). Antonyms are often planted among synonym answer choices as traps.
- Context clue
- Information in the surrounding words or sentence that helps you figure out an unknown word or the best word for a blank.
- ERB
- The Educational Records Bureau, the non-profit organization that writes and administers the ISEE.
- Factor
- A whole number that divides evenly into another with no remainder. The factors of 12 are 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, and 12.
- Inference
- A logical conclusion the passage implies but does not state outright; the correct inference is the one the text most directly supports.
- ISEE
- The Independent School Entrance Exam, an admission test created by the Educational Records Bureau (ERB) and used by independent (private) schools.
- Main idea
- The central point a passage supports — broader than any single detail but never beyond what the text actually says.
- Mathematics Achievement
- The fourth ISEE section: grade-level math knowledge and computation across numbers, algebra, geometry, measurement, and data.
- Mean
- The average of a data set: the sum of the values divided by how many there are.
- Median
- The middle value of a data set when the numbers are in order; it resists outliers.
- Multiple
- The product of a number and any whole number. Multiples of 6 are 6, 12, 18, 24, and so on.
- Order of operations
- The sequence for evaluating an expression: Parentheses, Exponents, Multiplication and Division (left to right), then Addition and Subtraction (left to right) — PEMDAS.
- Percent change
- The change in a quantity divided by its original value, times 100. Always divide by the starting amount.
- Percentile rank
- The percent of same-grade applicants a student scored higher than; the ISEE compares you with other applicants, not the general population.
- Prime number
- A whole number greater than 1 whose only factors are 1 and itself (2, 3, 5, 7, 11). 2 is the only even prime.
- Proportion
- An equation stating that two ratios are equal; solve it by cross-multiplying.
- Pythagorean theorem
- For a right triangle with legs a and b and hypotenuse c, a² + b² = c².
- Quantitative comparison
- A Middle/Upper Level question that gives Column A and Column B; you decide whether A is greater, B is greater, the two are equal, or it cannot be determined.
- Quantitative Reasoning
- The second ISEE section: math problems that emphasize logic and reasoning over heavy calculation; Middle and Upper Levels add quantitative comparisons.
- Ratio
- A comparison of two quantities, written a : b or a/b.
- Reading Comprehension
- The third ISEE section: passages followed by questions on main idea, detail, inference, vocabulary in context, and tone.
- Scaled score
- An ISEE section score from 760 to 940, equated across forms so the same scaled score means the same thing on any version.
- Sentence completion
- A Verbal Reasoning question with a sentence missing one (or, on the Upper Level, two) words; you choose the word(s) that best fit the meaning.
- Stanine
- An ISEE score from 1 to 9 based on percentile rank: 1–3 below average, 4–6 average, 7–9 above average.
- Synonym
- A word that means the same, or nearly the same, as another. Synonym questions ask for the answer closest in meaning to a capitalized word.
- Thesis statement
- A single sentence stating the main point or position of an essay; everything else should support it.
- Tone
- The author's attitude toward the subject, shown through word choice (wistful, critical, admiring, neutral).
- Topic sentence
- The sentence that states the main idea of a paragraph, usually first.
- Verbal Reasoning
- The first ISEE section: synonyms and sentence completion questions that test vocabulary and verbal reasoning.
Free ISEE Study Materials & Resources
Everything you need to prepare for the ISEE is free here — no paywall, no sign-up. This guide is the foundation; pair it with the rest of our free ISEE study materials for active recall, timed practice, and last-minute review:
- ISEE Practice Test — exam-style questions across all four scored sections, with explanations.
- ISEE Flashcards — active-recall decks for vocabulary, math formulas, reading skills, and essay strategy.
ISEE Study Guide FAQ
The ISEE has five sections in order: Verbal Reasoning, Quantitative Reasoning, Reading Comprehension, Mathematics Achievement, and an unscored Essay. The first four are scored; the essay is sent to schools as a writing sample but is not scored.
On the Upper and Middle Levels there are 160 scored questions: 40 Verbal Reasoning, 37 Quantitative Reasoning, 36 Reading Comprehension, and 47 Mathematics Achievement, plus a 30-minute essay. The Lower Level has fewer questions in most sections.
The Upper and Middle Levels run about 2 hours 40 minutes of testing plus two short breaks; the Lower Level is about 2 hours 20 minutes. That total includes the 30-minute essay.
There are Primary levels for the youngest applicants, plus Lower Level (applying to grades 5–6), Middle Level (grades 7–8), and Upper Level (grades 9–12). You take the level for the grade you are applying to enter, not your current grade.
Each scored section gets a scaled score (760–940), a percentile rank comparing you with same-grade applicants, and a stanine from 1 to 9. There is no single passing score — the ISEE is one factor in admissions and each school sets its own bar.
No. Your score is based only on the number of questions you answer correctly; wrong answers do not subtract points. So you should answer every question, even if you have to guess.
Once per testing season. ERB defines three seasons (Fall, Winter, and Spring/Summer), so a student may take the ISEE up to three times in a 12-month admissions cycle.
Work through the five sections in order — Verbal, Quantitative, Reading, Mathematics Achievement, and the Essay. After each scored section, take the checkpoint quiz to find gaps, then drill that section with our free practice questions and flashcards.
Yes — the full guide, the checkpoints, the glossary, the practice questions, and the flashcards are 100% free, with no account required.
References
- 1.Educational Records Bureau. “What Is the ISEE?.” ERB. ↑
- 2.Educational Records Bureau. “ISEE by ERB — Test Structure & Levels.” ERB. ↑
- 3.Educational Records Bureau. “Tips for Every Section of the ISEE.” ERB. ↑
- 4.Educational Records Bureau. “ISEE Registration.” ERB. ↑
- 5.Educational Records Bureau. “Understanding ISEE Score Reports.” ERB. ↑
Sources for the concept answers
Every answer in the ISEE concept questions above is drawn from an official primary source:

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