Are flashcards effective for the OSCP?

Yes, as a complement to hands-on practice. The OSCP exam is a 24-hour practical, so the real skill is doing the work in a lab — but flashcards use active recall to make the underlying tools, flags, and techniques automatic, so you spend exam time exploiting rather than recalling syntax. Pair the cards with real lab machines (PEN-200, Proving Grounds, or similar).

What topics do the OSCP flashcards cover?

The whole penetration-testing methodology: enumeration (Nmap flags, SMB/web/FTP enumeration, searchsploit), web application attacks (SQL injection, XSS, command injection, LFI, file upload), shells and privilege escalation (reverse/bind shells, msfvenom, SUID/sudo/cron on Linux, tokens/services on Windows), and Active Directory and pivoting (Kerberoasting, AS-REP roasting, Pass-the-Hash, golden/silver tickets, SSH tunnels, proxychains, Chisel).

How should I study with these OSCP flashcards?

Lead with enumeration — it's the highest-leverage OSCP skill — then drill the attack chain in order. Mix the modes: flip to learn, type to test recall of exact tools and flags, match for speed, and quiz to check yourself. Crucially, use the cards alongside real lab practice; recognizing a technique on a card is not the same as executing it under the clock.

Are the OSCP flashcards free?

Yes — 100% free, all four study modes, no paywall.

Do these flashcards match the current OSCP (PEN-200) syllabus?

Yes. The cards are organized to the current OffSec PEN-200 methodology and reflect current standards — Active Directory attacks (Kerberoasting, AS-REP roasting, ticket attacks), modern Windows privilege escalation (Potato attacks), and pivoting with proxychains and Chisel.

The systematic discovery of hosts, ports, services, versions, and configurations — the most important OSCP skill; when stuck, enumerate more.

The primary port scanner: discovers live hosts, open ports, and service versions that drive exploit research.

Ping sweep (nmap -sn)

Host discovery only — lists which hosts are alive across a range without scanning any ports.

Nmap option that skips host discovery and scans a host even if it does not respond to ICMP (treats it as up).

Scans all 65,535 TCP ports — slow but catches a foothold service hidden on an uncommon high port.

Nmap service/version detection — reports each service's product name and version, the input for exploit research.

Runs Nmap's default category of NSE scripts during a scan to gather extra information and catch common issues.

Nmap UDP scan — reveals UDP services such as DNS and SNMP that a TCP scan will never show.

An Nmap state meaning the port is reachable but no service is listening on it — it actively refuses connections.

NSE (Nmap Scripting Engine)

Nmap's scripting framework; run script categories like 'vuln' or 'smb-enum-shares' for deeper enumeration.

Reading a service's identifying banner (e.g. via Netcat) to learn its software and version for exploit research.

A directory and file brute-forcer for web servers; in dir mode it appends extensions to each wordlist entry.

A fast web fuzzer; filter results by status code, size, or words to discard noise like soft-404 responses.

A file that may reveal hidden or sensitive paths the site owner did not want indexed — useful for enumeration.

A wrapper tool that enumerates Windows/Samba hosts over SMB — domain, users, groups, shares, and policy.

An anonymous SMB connection with empty credentials that can reveal users, groups, and shares.

A command-line SMB client to list and access shares; writable shares may allow uploading a payload.

An FTP service allowing login with the 'anonymous' user; first step is to log in and list directories for readable files.

Virtual host (vhost) enumeration

Discovering name-based virtual hosts by varying the Host header; a wordlist may reveal internal-only sites on one IP.

A command-line search of the offline Exploit-DB archive bundled with Kali — works without internet.

A public archive of exploits and proof-of-concept code; match the exact product and version, then read and adapt the code.

Proof-of-concept (PoC)

Public exploit code that usually needs adapting — set the attacker IP/port, fix offsets, and replace shellcode before use.

Vulnerability scanner

A tool (e.g. Nessus, OpenVAS) that enumerates known weaknesses; authenticated scans (valid credentials) are most accurate.

A scanner finding that is not actually exploitable; always manually verify before relying on a reported vulnerability.

A list of candidate names/passwords (e.g. SecLists, rockyou.txt) chosen to fit the target's technology and language.

Service principal name (SPN)

An identifier that maps a service instance to a domain account; SPN-enabled accounts are the targets of Kerberoasting.

Collecting hostnames from DNS and certificates that point to a box, revealing additional virtual hosts and services.

Untrusted input alters a SQL query; can extract data, bypass authentication, or reach code execution.

Appends a UNION SELECT to exfiltrate data; first determine the column count with ORDER BY n.

Blind / time-based SQLi

No data is returned, so inject a payload that pauses (e.g. SLEEP) and infer values from the response delay.

Forces the database to leak data inside its error messages, which the application displays on the page.

Authentication bypass (SQLi)

Submitting a value that closes the string and adds an always-true condition to log in without valid credentials.

Input stored by one feature is later used unsafely in a query by a different, often more privileged feature.

Automates SQL injection: detect, then enumerate databases (--dbs), tables, and dump data; supports auth and request files.

xp_cmdshell / FILE privilege

MSSQL stored procedure (or MySQL FILE) that turns SQL injection into OS command execution or web-shell writing.

Cross-site scripting (XSS)

Injected script runs in a victim's browser — steal sessions and keystrokes or force state-changing requests.

A payload bounced straight back from a single request and executed in the victim's browser.

A payload persisted by the app (e.g. a comment) that fires for every visitor — usually the most impactful XSS.

Content Security Policy (CSP)

A header restricting script sources; a strict CSP blocks inline payloads and must be bypassed for XSS.

Stealing a victim's session cookie (often via XSS) to impersonate their authenticated session.

User input reaches an OS shell; chain a separator (; | && ) and a command to execute arbitrary commands.

Blind command injection

No command output is returned, so confirm execution out of band — a time delay or a DNS/HTTP callback.

Using backticks or $(…) to run a command inside another; often slips past filters that strip other separators.

Abusing ../ sequences to read files outside the web root, such as /etc/passwd or a Windows web.config.

Local file inclusion (LFI)

The app includes a referenced file in execution; can escalate to code execution via log poisoning or PHP wrappers.

Your FREE OSCP Flashcards 2026 – 100+ Cards

Realistic, OSCP exam-style flashcards across the OffSec PEN-200 methodology — flip, match, type, and quiz yourself.

How well do you know them?

OSCP Flashcards

Enumeration: The systematic discovery of hosts, ports, services, versions, and configurations — the most important OSCP skill; when stuck, enumerate more.
Nmap: The primary port scanner: discovers live hosts, open ports, and service versions that drive exploit research.
Ping sweep (nmap -sn): Host discovery only — lists which hosts are alive across a range without scanning any ports.
-Pn: Nmap option that skips host discovery and scans a host even if it does not respond to ICMP (treats it as up).
-p- (full port scan): Scans all 65,535 TCP ports — slow but catches a foothold service hidden on an uncommon high port.
-sV: Nmap service/version detection — reports each service's product name and version, the input for exploit research.
-sC: Runs Nmap's default category of NSE scripts during a scan to gather extra information and catch common issues.
-sU: Nmap UDP scan — reveals UDP services such as DNS and SNMP that a TCP scan will never show.
Closed port: An Nmap state meaning the port is reachable but no service is listening on it — it actively refuses connections.
NSE (Nmap Scripting Engine): Nmap's scripting framework; run script categories like 'vuln' or 'smb-enum-shares' for deeper enumeration.
Banner grabbing: Reading a service's identifying banner (e.g. via Netcat) to learn its software and version for exploit research.
gobuster: A directory and file brute-forcer for web servers; in dir mode it appends extensions to each wordlist entry.
ffuf: A fast web fuzzer; filter results by status code, size, or words to discard noise like soft-404 responses.
robots.txt: A file that may reveal hidden or sensitive paths the site owner did not want indexed — useful for enumeration.
enum4linux: A wrapper tool that enumerates Windows/Samba hosts over SMB — domain, users, groups, shares, and policy.
SMB null session: An anonymous SMB connection with empty credentials that can reveal users, groups, and shares.
smbclient: A command-line SMB client to list and access shares; writable shares may allow uploading a payload.
Anonymous FTP: An FTP service allowing login with the 'anonymous' user; first step is to log in and list directories for readable files.
Virtual host (vhost) enumeration: Discovering name-based virtual hosts by varying the Host header; a wordlist may reveal internal-only sites on one IP.
searchsploit: A command-line search of the offline Exploit-DB archive bundled with Kali — works without internet.
Exploit-DB: A public archive of exploits and proof-of-concept code; match the exact product and version, then read and adapt the code.
Proof-of-concept (PoC): Public exploit code that usually needs adapting — set the attacker IP/port, fix offsets, and replace shellcode before use.
Vulnerability scanner: A tool (e.g. Nessus, OpenVAS) that enumerates known weaknesses; authenticated scans (valid credentials) are most accurate.
False positive: A scanner finding that is not actually exploitable; always manually verify before relying on a reported vulnerability.
Wordlist: A list of candidate names/passwords (e.g. SecLists, rockyou.txt) chosen to fit the target's technology and language.
Service principal name (SPN): An identifier that maps a service instance to a domain account; SPN-enabled accounts are the targets of Kerberoasting.
DNS enumeration: Collecting hostnames from DNS and certificates that point to a box, revealing additional virtual hosts and services.
SQL injection (SQLi): Untrusted input alters a SQL query; can extract data, bypass authentication, or reach code execution.
UNION-based SQLi: Appends a UNION SELECT to exfiltrate data; first determine the column count with ORDER BY n.
Blind / time-based SQLi: No data is returned, so inject a payload that pauses (e.g. SLEEP) and infer values from the response delay.
Error-based SQLi: Forces the database to leak data inside its error messages, which the application displays on the page.
Authentication bypass (SQLi): Submitting a value that closes the string and adds an always-true condition to log in without valid credentials.
Second-order SQLi: Input stored by one feature is later used unsafely in a query by a different, often more privileged feature.
sqlmap: Automates SQL injection: detect, then enumerate databases (--dbs), tables, and dump data; supports auth and request files.
xp_cmdshell / FILE privilege: MSSQL stored procedure (or MySQL FILE) that turns SQL injection into OS command execution or web-shell writing.
Cross-site scripting (XSS): Injected script runs in a victim's browser — steal sessions and keystrokes or force state-changing requests.
Reflected XSS: A payload bounced straight back from a single request and executed in the victim's browser.
Stored XSS: A payload persisted by the app (e.g. a comment) that fires for every visitor — usually the most impactful XSS.
Content Security Policy (CSP): A header restricting script sources; a strict CSP blocks inline payloads and must be bypassed for XSS.
Session hijacking: Stealing a victim's session cookie (often via XSS) to impersonate their authenticated session.
Command injection: User input reaches an OS shell; chain a separator (; | && ) and a command to execute arbitrary commands.
Blind command injection: No command output is returned, so confirm execution out of band — a time delay or a DNS/HTTP callback.
Command substitution: Using backticks or $(…) to run a command inside another; often slips past filters that strip other separators.
Directory traversal: Abusing ../ sequences to read files outside the web root, such as /etc/passwd or a Windows web.config.
Local file inclusion (LFI): The app includes a referenced file in execution; can escalate to code execution via log poisoning or PHP wrappers.
Log poisoning: Injecting PHP into a log the application reads via LFI, then including the log to execute the injected code.
php://filter: A PHP wrapper that reads a file as a stream (often base64-encoded) to disclose source code safely via LFI.
File upload bypass: Defeating signature, extension allow-list, or MIME checks to upload an executable web shell the server runs.
Web shell: A script placed on a server that the server executes, giving remote command execution through the browser.
Magic-byte (signature) check: An upload filter validating leading file bytes; bypass by prepending a valid image signature to a script.
Double-extension / case bypass: Tricks like shell.php.jpg or shell.PHP that defeat naive or case-sensitive extension allow-lists on uploads.
Client-side attack: Delivering a payload a staff user opens — a malicious Office macro or a link using a custom URI handler.
Malicious macro: An embedded macro in an Office document that runs attacker code when the victim enables content.
Burp Suite: An intercepting web proxy used to view, modify, and replay HTTP requests during web application testing.
Reverse shell: The target connects back to a listener on the attacker — preferred when the target blocks inbound connections (NAT/firewall).
Bind shell: A listener opened on the target that the attacker connects to; exposed to anyone who scans the port.
Netcat (nc): A networking utility used as a listener for reverse shells or to grab banners; a plain listener offers no encryption.
socat: A flexible relay tool used to create encrypted, more stable reverse shells than a plain netcat listener.
TTY upgrade: Turning a dumb shell into an interactive terminal — python3 pty.spawn /bin/bash, then stty raw -echo and export TERM/PATH.
msfvenom: Metasploit's standalone payload generator — builds EXE, raw shellcode, or web payloads with LHOST/LPORT set.
Bad characters: Bytes that break an exploit or are filtered by the target; specify them (msfvenom -b) so shellcode survives the parser.
Privilege escalation: Moving from a low-privileged user/service account to root or SYSTEM — the second 10 points on each OSCP machine.
SUID binary: A file that runs with its owner's privileges; a SUID-root program that spawns a shell is a path to root.
bash -p: Runs bash without dropping elevated privileges; the invocation that turns a SUID-root bash copy into a root shell.
sudo -l: Lists the commands the current user may run via sudo; many such binaries have a documented root-shell escape.
GTFOBins: A reference of Unix binaries that can be abused (via SUID, sudo, or capabilities) to escape restrictions and escalate.
Linux capabilities (getcap): Fine-grained root powers on a binary; cap_setuid on an interpreter like python allows escalating to root.
Cron job abuse: A root-run scheduled job that is writable, uses a wildcard (tar *), or calls a command without a full path — exploit for root.
Kernel exploit: A local-root exploit against the running kernel version; a last resort — match the exact version and prefer a misconfiguration.
SeImpersonatePrivilege: A Windows privilege (common on service accounts) abused by 'Potato' attacks to impersonate a SYSTEM token.
Potato attacks: PrintSpoofer, RoguePotato, GodPotato and similar tools that escalate a SeImpersonate-holding service account to SYSTEM.
SeBackupPrivilege: A Windows privilege that lets the holder read protected files such as the SAM and SYSTEM registry hives.
Unquoted service path: A service path with spaces and no quotes; writing a binary to an earlier directory lets it run at the service's privilege.
Writable service binary: A service whose executable the current user can overwrite; replace it to run code as the service account on restart.
DLL hijacking: Placing a malicious DLL where an elevated app loads it; use Process Monitor to find a missing or writable DLL path.
AlwaysInstallElevated: A Windows policy that runs MSI installers as SYSTEM; if set, a malicious MSI yields SYSTEM privileges.
Stored credentials (Windows): Passwords left in autologon registry values, Unattend.xml, or config files — recoverable for escalation or reuse.
whoami /priv: Lists the current Windows token's privileges; checking for SeImpersonate/SeBackup is a standard early escalation step.
linPEAS: An automated Linux enumeration script that highlights privilege-escalation findings by likelihood.
winPEAS: The Windows counterpart to linPEAS; may be quarantined by antivirus, so an obfuscated/in-memory run helps evade it.
Hashcat: A GPU password cracker; select the correct mode per hash type (e.g. 13100 Kerberoast, 18200 AS-REP) and use rules.
John the Ripper: A password cracker offering dictionary and incremental (brute-force) modes for cracking recovered hashes.
Hydra: An online brute-force tool against network services; lockout policies may force throttling or a different approach.
Password spraying: Trying one weak password against many accounts to avoid lockouts — effective early against a domain with no credentials.
File transfer (target): Moving tools onto a foothold without outbound internet — a Python/SimpleHTTPServer, SMB share, or certutil download.
docker group: Membership lets a user mount the host filesystem in a container as root — a direct Linux privilege-escalation path.
Active Directory (AD): Microsoft's directory service grouping computers and users into domains that share a database and security policy.
Domain: The logical boundary in AD that groups users and computers to share a directory database and authentication.
Forest: One or more AD domains combined into a larger structure that shares a common schema and configuration.
Domain controller (DC): The server that hosts the AD database and authenticates the domain — the highest-value target in the AD set.
Member server: A domain-joined server that is not a domain controller; a lateral-movement stepping stone toward the DC.
LDAP (port 389): The directory query protocol used to enumerate and interact with Active Directory objects.
Kerberos: AD's default authentication protocol using tickets (TGT and TGS) issued by the DC's Key Distribution Center.
TGT (ticket-granting ticket): Issued after initial authentication; presented to obtain service tickets. Signed by the krbtgt key.
TGS (service ticket): A ticket for a specific service, encrypted with that service account's key — the material Kerberoasting cracks.
BloodHound: A tool that graphs AD attack paths from a controlled account to high-value targets like Domain Admins.
PowerView: A PowerShell AD enumeration toolkit; functions reveal sessions, SPNs, group memberships, and rights.
Kerberoasting: Request TGS tickets for SPN-enabled accounts and crack them offline; needs only one valid domain credential.
AS-REP Roasting: Capture and crack the AS-REP of accounts with pre-authentication disabled; needs no credential, only usernames.
Kerberos pre-authentication: A control that, when disabled on an account, exposes it to AS-REP Roasting.
NTLM hash: A one-way representation of an account password used for NTLM authentication and reused in Pass-the-Hash.
Pass-the-Hash (PtH): Authenticate with a captured NT hash without cracking it; defeats strong passwords, blunted by unique local passwords (LAPS).
Pass-the-Ticket (PtT): Inject a stolen Kerberos TGT or TGS to impersonate a user; tickets expire, so they must be reasonably fresh.
Golden ticket: A forged TGT made from the krbtgt hash and domain SID — any user, any groups, domain-wide; reset krbtgt twice to kill it.
Silver ticket: A forged TGS made from one service account's hash — narrower scope and stealthier (no DC contact) than a golden ticket.
krbtgt account: The account whose key signs all Kerberos tickets; capturing its hash enables forging golden tickets.
Mimikatz: A tool that dumps credentials and Kerberos tickets from memory; needs elevated privileges to access LSASS.
DCSync: Abuses the replication protocol to request domain account hashes from a DC without touching NTDS.dit on disk.
NTDS.dit: The Active Directory database file on a domain controller; extracting it yields all domain password hashes.
NTLM relay: Forwarding captured authentication to another service (e.g. LDAP/SMB) to authenticate as the victim without the hash.
SMB signing: A control that defeats NTLM relay to SMB targets by ensuring messages are signed and cannot be forwarded.
PsExec: Remote command execution over SMB using a temporary service; a common but noisy lateral-movement method.
WMI: Windows Management Instrumentation — executes commands on a remote host with valid credentials or a hash.
WinRM (5985/5986): Remote management providing an interactive PowerShell session; often preferred over PsExec for stealthier movement.
Lateral movement: Moving host-to-host using reused credentials (PtH, PtT, PsExec, WMI, WinRM) — the heart of the AD set's scoring.
Credential reuse: The same account or hash valid on many hosts; the engine that makes AD compromise fast once one credential is found.
Pivot host: A compromised, dual-homed host used to route traffic into a network the attacker cannot reach directly.
SSH local forward (-L): Exposes one internal service on a local port of the attacker box through a Linux pivot you can SSH to.
SSH remote forward (-R): Used when the pivot can reach the attacker but not vice versa; the pivot pushes an internal port out to you.
SSH dynamic forward (-D): Opens a SOCKS proxy to route many tools at once into the internal network; pair with proxychains.
Chisel: A client-server SOCKS tunnel over HTTP for pivoting through a firewalled Windows host that lacks an SSH server.
proxychains: Forces a command-line tool's TCP connections through a SOCKS proxy; use TCP-connect scans, not ICMP/UDP.
TCP connect scan (-sT): A full-handshake scan required through a SOCKS proxy, since half-open SYN, ping, and UDP do not traverse the tunnel.
Dual-homed host: A host with two interfaces on different subnets; ideal as a pivot to reach an otherwise unreachable network.
Domain Admins: The built-in group whose membership most directly equates to full control of the domain — the prime target.
WriteDACL / GenericAll: BloodHound ACL edges granting rights over an object that can be abused to take it over and escalate.
Domain SID: The domain's security identifier; combined with the krbtgt hash, it is needed to forge a golden ticket.
AD set scoring: The OSCP Active Directory chain is worth 40 points: 10 client + 10 second host + 20 domain controller.

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By Career EmployerUpdated Sep 12, 2026

100+ free OSCP flashcards — 4 ways to study

OSCP Flashcard of the DayNew daily

The classic card. Do you know this one?

Click Study Flashcards above to open the flashcard hub — over a hundred OSCP cards you can flip, match, type, or quiz yourself on. Every card is drawn from the OffSec PEN-200 methodology, so you study exactly what the hands-on penetration-testing exam tests.^[1] Pair them with our free practice questions and study guide — and with real lab machines.

OSCP Flashcard Study Modes

Flip mode lets you study each card front and back at your own pace, Match turns term-to-definition pairing into a timed game, Type shows the definition and asks you to spell the term back — DCSync, for example — and Quiz builds multiple-choice questions from the same 128 cards. Rotate through all four so recognition turns into recall.

Free OSCP flashcards from Career Employer — active recall for the OffSec PEN-200 penetration-testing exam

Why Flashcards Work for the OSCP

Active Directory & Pivoting is the largest section at 42 cards, and it drills the vocabulary you need once a foothold turns into a domain problem. You get structural terms like Domain and Forest alongside the tooling and technique names that show up in lateral movement, including WMI, PsExec, and Mimikatz. Credential-material cards such as NTDS.dit and DCSync sit next to tunneling entries like Chisel, so pivoting language and directory language get reinforced together.

Shells & Privilege Escalation carries 32 cards covering what happens between initial code execution and root or SYSTEM. Payload and listener terms such as msfvenom and socat are here, as are the enumeration helpers linPEAS and winPEAS that feed escalation decisions. Cards like sudo -l and bash -p drill specific Linux misconfiguration checks, while Hydra and Hashcat keep the online and offline credential-attack distinction sharp in your head.

Enumeration & Exploit Research holds 27 cards on the scanning and discovery language that starts every box. Nmap anchors the section, and the flag cards force precision: -Pn, -sV, -sC, and -sU each mean something different under time pressure. Content discovery gets its own vocabulary through ffuf and gobuster, with Wordlist tying the brute-force side of enumeration back to the tooling you point at a target.

Web Application Attacks also has 27 cards, covering the input-handling flaws that often supply the first shell. Injection and interception terms include sqlmap and Burp Suite, while Reflected XSS and Stored XSS force you to separate two outcomes that share a name. File-handling and payload-delivery cards such as php://filter, Log poisoning, Web shell, and Malicious macro round out the routes from a browser request to command execution.

The OSCP exam is hands-on, so the cards play a specific role: they make the tools, flags, and techniques automatic so you spend exam time exploiting rather than recalling syntax.^[2] Used alongside our practice questions, our study guide, and real lab practice, they turn review time into measurable progress.

OSCP Flashcards by Domain

The cards are organized by the OffSec PEN-200 methodology. Drill them in the order a penetration test flows — enumerate, exploit, escalate, then attack Active Directory and pivot:^[1]

OSCP flashcards by methodology domain
Domain	What it covers
Enumeration & Exploit Research	Nmap flags, SMB/web/FTP enumeration, searchsploit, vulnerability scanning
Web Application Attacks	SQL injection, XSS, command injection, LFI/traversal, file upload
Shells & Privilege Escalation	Reverse/bind shells, msfvenom, Linux SUID/sudo/cron, Windows tokens/services
Active Directory & Pivoting	Kerberoasting, AS-REP roasting, Pass-the-Hash, tickets, SSH tunnels, proxychains, Chisel

How to Get the Most Out of These Flashcards

Start with Active Directory & Pivoting. At 42 cards it is the biggest block in the deck, and domain vocabulary is the part most people fumble when a foothold suddenly becomes a directory problem.
Type-drill the exact strings. Cards like sudo -l and -sV punish approximate memory, so typing them forces the precision you need when syntax matters more than the general idea.
Use Match for tool names. Pairing entries such as linPEAS, winPEAS, ffuf, and gobuster against their descriptions quickly exposes which tools you only half-recognize from reading walkthroughs.
Switch to the practice test once Quiz gets easy. When multiple choice across all four domains stops surprising you, move to timed questions and use the study guide to repair whatever breaks.
Keep the cadence small and repeated. Work one domain per session, finish with a mixed Quiz over all 128 cards, and revisit missed terms the next day rather than cramming a full pass.

OSCP Flashcards FAQ

Over a hundred free OSCP flashcards, organized across the OffSec PEN-200 methodology — Enumeration & Exploit Research, Web Application Attacks, Shells & Privilege Escalation, and Active Directory & Pivoting. They're free with no account required.

References

1.OffSec (Offensive Security). “PEN-200: Penetration Testing with Kali Linux (OSCP).” offsec.com. ↑
2.MITRE. “MITRE ATT&CK — Enterprise Tactics and Techniques.” attack.mitre.org. ↑
3.OWASP. “OWASP Top Ten and Attack Reference.” owasp.org. ↑

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