Click Study Flashcards above to open the flashcard hub — hundreds of Medical Technologist cards you can flip, match, type, or quiz yourself on. Every card is drawn from the AMT MT content categories, so you study exactly what the generalist laboratory exam tests.[1] Pair them with our free practice test and study guide.
Medical Technologist Flashcard Study Modes
Flip mode is for first passes and quick review of a card like Beer’s law, Match is a timed game that pairs terms with definitions, Type shows you the definition and asks you to produce the term, so Schistocytes has to come from memory rather than recognition, and Quiz builds multiple-choice items from the same 170 cards.
Why Flashcards Work for the AMT MT Exam
Clinical Chemistry carries the heaviest official weight at 19%, and its 22 cards drill analytes, calculated values, and acid-base patterns through fronts such as Anion gap, Hemoglobin A1c, and Friedewald equation, alongside markers like Troponin I/T. Microbiology follows at 16% with 22 cards on identification tests, media, and stain results, including CAMP test, MacConkey agar, and Germ tube test.
Hematology is 13% of the exam and one of the larger blocks here at 23 cards, covering cell morphology, inclusions, and iron studies with fronts like Auer rods, Schistocytes, and Reticulocyte. General Laboratory, weighted 12%, is the deck’s biggest section at 30 cards and handles regulation, quality control, and specimen vocabulary, from CLIA to Delta check to the paired terms Serum and Plasma.
Immunohematology accounts for 10% and brings 16 cards on typing, compatibility, and problem resolution, with Forward grouping, Check cells, and Landsteiner’s rule among the fronts. Immunology and Serology also has 16 cards for its 9% share, covering antibody classes and method pitfalls through IgM, ELISA, and Prozone phenomenon. Urinalysis and Body Fluids adds 17 cards for 8%, drilling sediment and chemistry findings such as RBC casts, Isosthenuria, and Leukocyte esterase.
Coagulation and Hemostasis holds 12 cards for its 7% weight and tests tube chemistry and workup logic with Sodium citrate (3.2%) tube, Mixing study (1:1), and Lupus anticoagulant. Blood Banking and Transfusion Services closes the deck with 12 cards at 6%, covering components and reaction recognition through TACO, TRALI, and Leukoreduction, plus the card Clerical check (suspected reaction).
The MT exam rewards instant recognition of analytes, red-cell inclusions, identifying organisms, ABO/Rh rules, and QC rules.[2] Spaced flashcards are the most efficient way to make that knowledge automatic. Used alongside our practice test and study guide, they turn review time into measurable progress.
Medical Technologist Flashcards by Category
The cards are organized by the AMT MT content categories. Drill the highest-weighted ones first — Clinical Chemistry, Microbiology, and Hematology are the heaviest:[1]
| Category | Approx. weight |
|---|---|
| Clinical Chemistry | 19% |
| Microbiology | 16% |
| Hematology | 13% |
| General Laboratory | 12% |
| Immunohematology | 10% |
| Immunology & Serology | 9% |
| Urinalysis & Body Fluids | 8% |
| Coagulation & Hemostasis | 7% |
| Blood Banking & Transfusion Services | 6% |
How to Get the Most Out of These Flashcards
- Start with Clinical Chemistry. At 19% it is the heaviest domain on the exam, and its 22 cards feed directly into the calculation and acid-base questions you will see most often.
- Type-drill the formula cards. Anion gap and Friedewald equation are easy to recognize in Flip mode but hard to reproduce, so force yourself to write the term from the definition alone.
- Use Match for short test names. The Microbiology fronts, including Oxidase test and Catalase test, pair cleanly with their definitions and reward the fast recall that identification questions demand.
- Switch to the practice test once Quiz holds. When Quiz scores stay steady across Hematology, Microbiology, and Immunohematology, move to longer timed sets to build stamina.
- Rotate two or three domains per sitting. With 170 cards spread over nine domains, cycling smaller blocks like Coagulation and Hemostasis between the heavier ones keeps every section fresh.
Medical Technologist Flashcards FAQ
Hundreds of free Medical Technologist flashcards, organized across all nine AMT MT content categories — General Laboratory, Clinical Chemistry, Hematology, Coagulation and Hemostasis, Immunology and Serology, Immunohematology, Blood Banking and Transfusion Services, Microbiology, and Urinalysis and Body Fluids. They're free with no account required.
Yes. Flashcards use active recall — retrieving an answer from memory — which research shows is one of the most effective study methods, especially in short, spaced sessions. Because the MT exam rewards instant recognition of analytes, cell morphology, organisms, blood-group rules, and QC rules, the cards are an efficient way to make that knowledge automatic.
All nine categories: General Laboratory (QC, Westgard rules, order of draw, safety, molecular methods), Clinical Chemistry (electrolytes, acid-base, enzymes, glucose, lipids), Hematology and Coagulation (CBC, anemias, morphology, PT/aPTT/INR), Immunology and Serology, Immunohematology and Blood Banking (ABO/Rh, antiglobulin tests, transfusion reactions), Microbiology, and Urinalysis and Body Fluids.
Lead with the highest-weighted categories — Clinical Chemistry, Microbiology, and Hematology — then drill the rest. Mix the modes: flip to learn, type to test recall, match for speed, and quiz to check yourself before working full practice questions.
Yes — 100% free, all four study modes, no paywall.
Yes. The cards are organized to the AMT MT content outline's nine categories and reflect current laboratory standards — the CLSI order of draw, Westgard QC rules, AABB transfusion practice, and current microbiology identification methods. If you are pursuing the ASCP MLS instead, the science is nearly identical — see our ASCP MLS study guide.
Medical Technologist flashcard bank
All 170 cards, by topic
A reference copy of every card in this deck. Each answer stays hidden until you choose to show it. To study with Flip, Match, Type and Quiz modes and track what you have mastered, use Study Flashcards at the top of the page.
General Laboratory (30)
- Levey-Jennings chart
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A QC chart plotting daily control values against the established mean and SD limits to monitor an analytical method over time.
- Random error
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Unpredictable scatter of control values around the mean that reduces precision, with no consistent direction.
- Systematic error
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A consistent bias (trend or shift) in control values that reduces accuracy; from a calibration, reagent, or instrument problem.
- Westgard 1-3s rule
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Rejects a run when a single control value exceeds the mean by more than 3 SD; flags random (and gross) error.
- Westgard 2-2s rule
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Two consecutive control values both exceed the same 2 SD limit; indicates systematic error.
- Trend (Levey-Jennings)
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A gradual drift of controls in one direction over several runs; suggests a deteriorating reagent or aging lamp (systematic error).
- Shift (Levey-Jennings)
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An abrupt jump of controls to a new level that persists; suggests a new reagent lot, recalibration, or maintenance.
- Accuracy
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How close a measured value is to the true value.
- Precision
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How reproducible repeated measurements of the same sample are.
- Coefficient of variation (CV)
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A measure of precision: (standard deviation / mean) x 100, expressed as a percentage; lower is more precise.
- Beer's law
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Absorbance is directly proportional to analyte concentration and the light-path length in spectrophotometry.
- Delta check
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A check comparing a patient's current result with that same patient's previous result for the same analyte, to flag possible errors.
- Critical (panic) value
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A life-threatening result that must be reported immediately to a caregiver with a documented read-back.
- CLSI order of draw
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Blood cultures, sodium citrate, serum, heparin, EDTA, then fluoride; prevents additive carryover between tubes.
- Citrate before EDTA
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The high-yield order-of-draw rule: EDTA carryover chelates calcium and falsely prolongs coagulation results.
- Serum
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The liquid portion of clotted blood; lacks fibrinogen and clotting factors.
- Plasma
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The liquid portion of anticoagulated blood; still contains fibrinogen and clotting factors.
- EDTA (lavender tube)
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Anticoagulant that chelates calcium; the routine tube for the CBC.
- Standard (universal) precautions
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Treating every patient specimen as potentially infectious — the basis of laboratory safety.
- Biosafety level 2 (BSL-2)
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The containment level appropriate for routine clinical laboratory work with most bloodborne pathogens.
- Safety Data Sheet (SDS)
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The document giving handling and storage information for a hazardous chemical.
- Class C fire extinguisher
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The extinguisher appropriate for an electrical fire in the laboratory.
- CLIA
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The U.S. federal regulation governing quality standards for all clinical laboratory testing.
- Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)
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Amplifies a target DNA sequence through repeated cycles of denaturation, annealing, and extension.
- Taq polymerase
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The heat-stable enzyme that synthesizes new DNA strands during PCR.
- RT-PCR
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Reverse-transcriptase PCR — used when the starting template is RNA, first converting it to cDNA.
- Real-time (quantitative) PCR
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Monitors amplification continuously using fluorescence rather than an end-point gel.
- Gel electrophoresis
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Separates nucleic-acid or protein fragments by size using an electric field through a gel.
- Sensitivity (of a test)
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The ability to correctly identify those with disease; a highly sensitive test is good for screening (few false negatives).
- Chain of custody
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A continuous written record of specimen possession and handling for legal defensibility (forensic testing).
Clinical Chemistry (22)
- Anion gap
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Sodium minus the sum of chloride and bicarbonate; estimates unmeasured anions to classify metabolic acidosis.
- Low anion gap
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Most often caused by hypoalbuminemia, since albumin is the major unmeasured anion.
- Bicarbonate buffer system
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The principal buffer of the extracellular fluid (bicarbonate / carbonic acid).
- Metabolic acidosis
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Low pH with low bicarbonate; respiratory compensation lowers pCO2 (hyperventilation).
- Ion-selective electrode (ISE)
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The reference method for measuring sodium and potassium; responds to the activity of the ion.
- Osmolal gap
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Measured minus calculated osmolality; an increased gap suggests a low-molecular-weight toxin (methanol, ethylene glycol).
- BUN/creatinine ratio > 20:1
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Suggests prerenal azotemia rather than intrinsic renal failure.
- Creatinine clearance
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An estimate of the glomerular filtration rate (GFR).
- Albumin-to-creatinine ratio (ACR)
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Screens for early diabetic glomerular damage; creatinine correction compensates for urine dilution.
- Troponin I/T
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Cardiac-specific structural protein; a rising-and-falling pattern is diagnostic of acute myocardial injury.
- Lipase
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The enzyme most specific for acute pancreatitis when interpreted with clinical findings.
- Obstructive (post-hepatic) jaundice
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Elevated direct (conjugated) bilirubin with elevated alkaline phosphatase and dark urine.
- Alkaline phosphatase (high, normal GGT)
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In a growing adolescent, most likely of bone origin rather than liver.
- C-reactive protein (CRP)
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An acute-phase reactant that rises rapidly with inflammation.
- Monoclonal gammopathy
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A sharp homogeneous spike in the gamma region on serum protein electrophoresis.
- Hexokinase glucose method
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The reference glucose method; glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase generates the measured NADPH.
- Hemoglobin A1c
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Glycated hemoglobin reflecting average blood glucose over the prior 2 to 3 months; reported as a percentage.
- Friedewald equation
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Estimates LDL = total cholesterol - HDL - (triglycerides / 5), mg/dL, fasting; unreliable at very high triglycerides.
- Primary hypothyroidism
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High TSH with low free T4.
- Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP)
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A marker for germ cell tumors that is also elevated in pregnancy.
- Spurious hyperkalemia
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Falsely elevated potassium, most commonly from hemolysis (potassium leaks from red cells) or delayed centrifugation.
- Lipemia interference
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A grossly lipemic specimen most affects spectrophotometric assays such as total bilirubin.
Hematology (23)
- Mean corpuscular volume (MCV)
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The average red-cell volume; classifies anemia as microcytic, normocytic, or macrocytic.
- Red cell distribution width (RDW)
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A measure of variation in red-cell size (anisocytosis); a high RDW means greater size variability.
- Iron deficiency anemia
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The most common microcytic, hypochromic anemia worldwide; serum ferritin is low.
- Ferritin
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The major iron-storage protein and an acute-phase reactant; low in iron deficiency, normal-to-high in chronic disease.
- Thalassemia trait
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Microcytic, hypochromic anemia with normal-to-elevated ferritin and an elevated RBC count.
- Megaloblastic anemia
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Macrocytic anemia from B12 or folate deficiency; hypersegmented neutrophils and oval macrocytes.
- Reticulocyte
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A young red blood cell; the count reflects marrow red-cell production and is stained with new methylene blue.
- Impedance (Coulter) principle
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Automated counting based on the change in electrical resistance as a cell passes through an aperture.
- Howell-Jolly bodies
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Nuclear remnant inclusions in red cells associated with asplenia or splenic hypofunction.
- Heinz bodies
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Inclusions of denatured hemoglobin seen in G6PD deficiency after oxidative stress.
- Basophilic stippling
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Coarse aggregated ribosomal RNA in red cells; classically associated with lead poisoning.
- Target cells
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Red cells with a central bullseye; seen in liver disease and hemoglobinopathies.
- Schistocytes
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Fragmented red cells seen with thrombocytopenia and high LDH in microangiopathic hemolytic anemia.
- Tear-drop cells (dacrocytes)
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Teardrop-shaped red cells with a leukoerythroblastic picture, suggesting myelofibrosis or marrow infiltration.
- Auer rods
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Needle-like cytoplasmic inclusions in myeloid blasts; diagnostic of a myeloid lineage (acute myeloid leukemia).
- Smudge cells
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Fragile lymphocytes that rupture on smear, accompanying chronic lymphocytic leukemia.
- Philadelphia chromosome t(9;22)
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The cytogenetic hallmark of chronic myelogenous leukemia.
- Toxic granulation / Dohle bodies / left shift
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Neutrophil changes consistent with severe bacterial infection or sepsis.
- Hemoglobin S (sickle cell)
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Results from valine replacing glutamic acid at position 6 of the beta-globin chain.
- Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR)
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Most directly increased by elevated fibrinogen.
- New methylene blue
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The supravital stain used to demonstrate reticulocytes.
- Buffy coat
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The layer in centrifuged anticoagulated blood containing white blood cells and platelets.
- Osmotic fragility test
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Increased fragility from decreased surface-to-volume ratio, as in hereditary spherocytosis.
Coagulation and Hemostasis (12)
- Prothrombin time (PT)
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Assesses the extrinsic and common pathways; sensitive to factor VII; reported as INR to monitor warfarin.
- Activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT)
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Assesses the intrinsic and common pathways; used to monitor unfractionated heparin.
- International normalized ratio (INR)
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Standardizes the PT across thromboplastin reagents and labs to monitor warfarin therapy.
- Mixing study (1:1)
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Corrects = factor deficiency; does not correct = inhibitor (e.g., lupus anticoagulant).
- Lupus anticoagulant
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An inhibitor that prolongs the aPTT in vitro (no correction on mixing) but is associated with thrombosis.
- D-dimer
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A fibrin degradation product; sensitive but not specific for clot formation and lysis (good rule-out).
- Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)
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Elevated D-dimer with prolonged PT and PTT, low fibrinogen, and thrombocytopenia.
- Sodium citrate (3.2%) tube
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The reference anticoagulant for coagulation testing; collected at a 9:1 blood-to-citrate ratio.
- Factor VII deficiency
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Suggested by a prolonged PT with a normal aPTT (extrinsic pathway).
- Factor VIII deficiency (hemophilia A)
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Prolonged aPTT with a normal PT, reflecting an intrinsic-pathway factor.
- Von Willebrand disease
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Lifelong mucocutaneous bleeding with normal platelet count and a borderline/prolonged aPTT (reduced factor VIII).
- Cryoprecipitate
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The component of choice to raise fibrinogen in a bleeding patient with hypofibrinogenemia.
Immunology and Serology (16)
- IgM
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The first immunoglobulin produced in a primary immune response; a strong agglutinator.
- IgG
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The most abundant serum immunoglobulin; dominates the secondary response and crosses the placenta.
- IgA
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The immunoglobulin predominating in secretions such as saliva, tears, and breast milk.
- IgE
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The immunoglobulin mediating type I immediate hypersensitivity (allergy).
- Classical complement pathway
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An antibody-dependent cascade triggered when IgG or IgM bound to antigen is recognized by C1q.
- ELISA
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An enzyme-labeled antibody plus a substrate produces a measurable color to detect antigen or antibody.
- Prozone phenomenon
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A false-negative agglutination caused by antibody excess relative to antigen; resolved by diluting the serum.
- Fourfold rise in titer
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A rise between acute and convalescent sera indicating recent or current infection.
- Anti-HBs positive, anti-HBc negative
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Immunity to hepatitis B from vaccination (anti-HBc appears only with natural infection).
- HBsAg with IgM anti-HBc
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Indicates acute hepatitis B infection.
- Heterophile (Monospot) test
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Supports a diagnosis of infectious mononucleosis (EBV).
- RPR confirmed by FTA-ABS
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A positive nontreponemal screen confirmed by a treponemal test indicates active or past syphilis.
- Antinuclear antibody (ANA)
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A screening test most commonly used in the evaluation of systemic lupus erythematosus.
- Rheumatoid factor
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An autoantibody, usually IgM, directed against the Fc portion of IgG.
- CD4 T-lymphocyte count
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Used to monitor HIV disease progression and immune status.
- HIV confirmatory testing
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A repeatedly reactive HIV screen is confirmed by an antibody-differentiation assay (historically Western blot).
Immunohematology (16)
- Forward grouping
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ABO testing of red cells with anti-A and anti-B reagents to detect A and B antigens.
- Reverse grouping
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ABO testing of serum against known A1 and B cells to detect ABO antibodies.
- Landsteiner's rule
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A person has the ABO antibody directed against the A or B antigen they lack.
- ABO discrepancy
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A mismatch between the antigens detected on the cells (forward) and the antibodies in the serum (reverse).
- Group O (universal red-cell donor)
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Lacks A and B antigens; O-negative units are used for emergency red-cell transfusion.
- Group AB (universal red-cell recipient)
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Plasma contains neither anti-A nor anti-B.
- Direct antiglobulin test (DAT)
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Detects antibody or complement already bound to a patient's red cells in vivo.
- Indirect antiglobulin test (IAT)
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Detects antibodies in the patient's serum in vitro; used for antibody screening and crossmatch.
- Check cells
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IgG-coated red cells added to a negative antiglobulin test to confirm the AHG reagent was added and active.
- Major crossmatch
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Tests compatibility between recipient serum and donor red cells.
- Rh immune globulin (RhIG)
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Anti-D given to an Rh-negative mother to prevent anti-D alloimmunization (around 28 weeks and after delivery).
- Anti-Jka (Kidd) dosage effect
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Reacts more strongly with homozygous cells; classically shows a dosage effect.
- Weak D (Du)
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A weakly expressed D antigen; such donors are typed and labeled Rh-positive.
- Bombay phenotype (Oh)
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Cells fail to react with anti-A, anti-B, and anti-A,B, yet the serum contains anti-A, anti-B, and anti-H.
- C antigen (Rh)
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The most immunogenic Rh antigen after D.
- Antibody identification panel
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Performed when an antibody screen is positive, to determine the specificity of the alloantibody.
Blood Banking and Transfusion Services (12)
- Acute hemolytic transfusion reaction (AHTR)
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ABO-incompatible red cells cause intravascular hemolysis; the most immediately fatal reaction.
- Febrile nonhemolytic transfusion reaction (FNHTR)
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A >=1 C temperature rise from anti-leukocyte antibodies or cytokines; the most common reaction.
- Leukoreduction
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Removal of leukocytes that prevents febrile nonhemolytic reactions, CMV transmission, and HLA alloimmunization.
- TRALI
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Transfusion-related acute lung injury — immune, non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema within 6 hours; a leading cause of transfusion death.
- TACO
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Transfusion-associated circulatory overload — volume overload causing dyspnea, hypertension, and cardiogenic edema.
- Delayed hemolytic transfusion reaction
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An anamnestic antibody response (e.g., Kidd, Rh) days after transfusion in a previously sensitized patient.
- Transfusion-associated graft-versus-host disease (TA-GVHD)
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Donor lymphocytes attack the host; prevented by gamma or X-ray irradiation of cellular components.
- Washed red cells
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The component for patients with recurrent severe allergic reactions or IgA deficiency.
- Hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn (HDFN)
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Maternal IgG antibodies cross the placenta and destroy fetal red cells bearing a paternal antigen.
- ABO HDN vs anti-D HDFN
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ABO HDN can affect a first pregnancy and is usually milder than anti-D disease.
- Clerical check (suspected reaction)
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The first blood-bank step in a suspected reaction: verify identity and inspect post-transfusion plasma for hemolysis.
- Platelet bacterial contamination
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Platelets stored at 20 to 24 C with agitation are the cellular component most likely to transmit bacteria.
Microbiology (22)
- Gram stain
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A differential stain classifying bacteria as Gram-positive (purple, thick peptidoglycan) or Gram-negative (pink, outer membrane).
- Catalase test
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Separates catalase-positive staphylococci from catalase-negative streptococci and enterococci.
- Coagulase test
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Detects an enzyme converting fibrinogen to fibrin; coagulase-positive identifies Staphylococcus aureus.
- Staphylococcus aureus
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Catalase-positive, coagulase-positive Gram-positive cocci in clusters.
- Streptococcus pyogenes (group A)
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Beta-hemolytic, bacitracin-sensitive, PYR-positive Gram-positive cocci in chains.
- Streptococcus pneumoniae
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Alpha-hemolytic, bile-soluble, optochin-sensitive Gram-positive diplococcus.
- Novobiocin test
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Differentiates novobiocin-sensitive S. epidermidis from novobiocin-resistant S. saprophyticus.
- Oxidase test
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Presumptively identifies organisms such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa (and Neisseria).
- MacConkey agar
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Selective and differential for Gram-negative enterics; strong lactose fermenters form pink-to-red colonies.
- Escherichia coli
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The most common cause of urinary tract infection; a lactose-fermenting, indole-positive enteric.
- Mannitol salt agar
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Selective and differential medium for staphylococci.
- Modified Thayer-Martin agar
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Selective medium for Neisseria gonorrhoeae.
- Acid-fast (Ziehl-Neelsen) stain
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Identifies Mycobacterium by its mycolic-acid cell wall.
- Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion
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Measures susceptibility by the diameter of the zone of inhibition compared to standardized breakpoints.
- Germ tube test
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Rapid presumptive identification of Candida albicans.
- Haemophilus influenzae
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Requires both X (hemin) and V (NAD) factors for growth.
- Helicobacter pylori
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A urease-positive curved Gram-negative rod associated with peptic ulcers and gastritis.
- Vibrio cholerae
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A curved, comma-shaped, oxidase-positive Gram-negative rod growing as yellow colonies on TCBS.
- Clostridioides difficile
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Causes antibiotic-associated pseudomembranous colitis; detected by toxin or molecular testing.
- Neisseria meningitidis
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A Gram-negative diplococcus from CSF that ferments both maltose and glucose.
- CAMP test
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Presumptively identifies group B Streptococcus (S. agalactiae).
- Cryptococcus neoformans
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An encapsulated yeast in CSF identified by India ink or cryptococcal antigen testing.
Urinalysis and Body Fluids (17)
- RBC casts
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Red-cell casts in urine that specifically localize bleeding to the glomerulus (glomerulonephritis).
- Leukocyte esterase
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A urine dipstick reaction indicating white blood cells (neutrophils), supporting urinary tract infection.
- Nitrite (urine dipstick)
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A positive result suggests Gram-negative bacteria that reduce nitrate to nitrite.
- Urine protein pad
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Most sensitive to albumin; can miss non-albumin proteins such as Bence Jones.
- Glucose oxidase / peroxidase
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The enzyme system used by the urine reagent strip glucose test.
- Ketones (urine dipstick)
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React most strongly with acetoacetate.
- Calcium oxalate dihydrate crystals
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Envelope-shaped (octahedral) crystals in acidic-to-neutral urine; often a normal finding.
- Triple phosphate (struvite) crystals
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Coffin-lid-shaped crystals seen in alkaline urine.
- Cystine crystals
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Hexagonal urine crystals diagnostic of the inherited disorder cystinuria.
- Waxy casts
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Broad, high-refractive-index casts indicating chronic renal failure and urinary stasis.
- Isosthenuria
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A urine specific gravity fixed near 1.010 regardless of hydration; reflects renal tubular dysfunction.
- CSF in bacterial meningitis
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Decreased glucose, increased protein, and a neutrophil-predominant high cell count.
- Exudate
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A high-protein effusion (fluid-to-serum protein ratio > 0.5) from local inflammation.
- Monosodium urate crystals
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Negatively birefringent needle-shaped crystals in synovial fluid, diagnostic of gout.
- Chylous effusion
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A milky, triglyceride-rich body-fluid finding.
- Maltese cross (urine)
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Formation under polarized light indicating cholesterol or oval fat bodies (lipiduria).
- CSF cell-count tube
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The last tube collected (tube 3) is used for the cell count and differential to limit a traumatic-tap artifact.
References
- 1.American Medical Technologists (AMT). “Medical Technologist (MT) Examination Content Outline.” americanmedtech.org. ↑
- 2.Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). “Quality Control and Quality Assurance in the Laboratory.” cdc.gov. ↑
- 3.U.S. National Library of Medicine (MedlinePlus). “Laboratory Tests.” medlineplus.gov. ↑
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