- What does LEED stand for?
- Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design
- What is LEED?
- The world's most widely used green building rating system, developed by USGBC
- What does USGBC stand for?
- U.S. Green Building Council
- What does USGBC do?
- Develops and maintains the LEED rating system; promotes green building through education and advocacy
- What does GBCI stand for?
- Green Building Certification Inc.
- What does GBCI do?
- Administers the LEED professional exams and reviews/awards LEED project certification
- USGBC vs. GBCI?
- USGBC writes the rules (develops LEED); GBCI verifies them (exams + project certification)
- What are the four LEED certification levels?
- Certified, Silver, Gold, and Platinum
- Points required for LEED Certified?
- 40 to 49 points
- Points required for LEED Silver?
- 50 to 59 points
- Points required for LEED Gold?
- 60 to 79 points
- Points required for LEED Platinum?
- 80 points or more
- How many points are available in a LEED rating system?
- 110 points total
- How are 110 LEED points distributed?
- 100 base points + 6 Innovation + 4 Regional Priority bonus points
- What is a prerequisite in LEED?
- A mandatory requirement every project must meet; worth zero points
- What is a credit in LEED?
- An optional requirement a team can pursue to earn points
- Prerequisite vs. credit?
- Prerequisite = mandatory, 0 points; credit = optional, earns points
- What happens if a project misses a prerequisite?
- It cannot be certified, regardless of how many credit points it earns
- What is a credit category?
- A main topic area of a rating system containing prerequisites and credits (e.g., Energy and Atmosphere)
- What are the Minimum Program Requirements (MPRs)?
- Basic eligibility rules a project must satisfy to use LEED (permanent location, reasonable boundaries, size)
- What is the foundational LEED credential?
- LEED Green Associate
- What is the credential tier above Green Associate?
- LEED AP (Accredited Professional) with specialty
- Name the main LEED rating systems.
- BD+C, ID+C, O+M, Neighborhood Development, Homes, Cities and Communities
- What does BD+C stand for?
- Building Design and Construction
- When is BD+C used?
- New construction and major renovations
- What does ID+C stand for?
- Interior Design and Construction
- When is ID+C used?
- Tenant fit-outs and interior projects
- What does O+M stand for?
- Operations and Maintenance (existing buildings)
- What is LEED Neighborhood Development (ND)?
- A rating system for whole neighborhoods and multi-building developments
- What rating system fits a single-family home?
- LEED for Homes
- What is the LEED project certification process?
- Register, choose a rating system, pursue prerequisites + credits, submit documentation, get certified by GBCI
- Who awards LEED project certification?
- GBCI, after reviewing the project's documentation
- Which LEED version does the Green Associate exam test?
- LEED v4
- What is LEED v4.1?
- An updated version of the LEED rating systems used in practice
- What is the goal of LEED?
- Healthier, more resource-efficient, lower-impact buildings that also save money over their life
- Which knowledge domain has the most exam questions?
- LEED Process (16 scored questions)
- What is the integrative process?
- Whole project team collaborating from the earliest design phase to analyze how systems interrelate
- What is a charrette?
- An intensive, collaborative goal-setting workshop held early in a project
- Integrative vs. conventional design process?
- Integrative = early whole-team collaboration; conventional = sequential, siloed hand-offs
- What is a synergy in green building?
- A benefit from designing systems together (e.g., a better envelope allows a smaller HVAC system)
- Why design early in the integrative process?
- Decisions are cheaper to change early, and synergies are captured before systems are locked in
- Give an example of an integrative synergy.
- A high-performance envelope reduces heating/cooling loads, allowing a smaller, cheaper HVAC system
- Who is on an integrative project team?
- Owner, architect, MEP/structural/civil engineers, landscape architect, contractor, operators, occupants
- Why include the contractor early?
- Their input on constructability, cost, and waste improves design decisions
- Why include building operators and occupants early?
- They improve real-world performance and how the building is actually run and used
- What is the Owner's Project Requirements (OPR)?
- A document defining the owner's goals and expectations that guides design and commissioning
- What phase does the integrative process emphasize?
- Discovery and design before decisions are made (early-phase analysis)
- What is the opposite of the integrative process?
- The conventional siloed process where each system is designed in isolation
- What does early analysis of system interrelationships achieve?
- It reveals synergies and trade-offs that a siloed process would miss
- How many questions does the Integrative Strategies domain carry?
- 8 scored questions
- What roles bring site, stormwater, and ecology expertise?
- The landscape architect and civil engineer
- What does MEP stand for?
- Mechanical, Electrical, and Plumbing (engineering disciplines)
- What does Location and Transportation reward?
- Smart site selection near transit/amenities and reducing car dependence
- What is a greenfield?
- Undeveloped land; LEED discourages building on it
- What is a brownfield?
- A previously developed site complicated by real or perceived contamination
- Why does LEED reward brownfield redevelopment?
- It reclaims contaminated land and protects undeveloped greenfields
- Greenfield vs. brownfield?
- Greenfield = undeveloped land (avoid); brownfield = contaminated land (reward reuse)
- What is infill development?
- Building on already-developed land within existing areas, instead of expanding outward
- What are diverse uses?
- A mix of nearby amenities (shops, services, schools) within walking distance that reduce driving
- How does LEED reduce transportation impact?
- Bicycle facilities, EV charging, reduced parking, transit access, and carpool support
- Does more parking earn LEED points?
- No, LEED rewards REDUCING parking to discourage driving
- What bicycle facilities does LEED reward?
- Bicycle storage and showers/changing rooms for occupants
- How does access to quality transit help?
- It cuts car trips and tailpipe emissions
- What does EV charging support?
- Lower-emission electric vehicle use by occupants
- Location & Transportation vs. Sustainable Sites?
- L&T = where the site is and how people reach it; Sustainable Sites = protecting the site itself
- How many questions does Location and Transportation carry?
- 7 scored questions
- What does Sustainable Sites focus on?
- Protecting and restoring the land itself: ecology, water, and microclimate
- What is the Sustainable Sites construction prerequisite?
- Construction-activity pollution prevention (erosion and sedimentation control)
- What is the heat island effect?
- Developed areas with dark, hard surfaces being warmer than surrounding rural areas
- How does LEED reduce the heat island effect?
- High-SRI roofs and paving, shading, and vegetated (green) roofs
- What does SRI stand for?
- Solar Reflectance Index
- What does a higher SRI mean?
- A cooler surface that reflects more solar heat
- Approximate SRI of a standard black surface?
- Near 0
- Approximate SRI of a standard white surface?
- Near 100
- What does SRI combine?
- Solar reflectance and thermal emittance into a single value
- What is stormwater management?
- Controlling the quantity and quality of rainwater runoff from a site
- Why manage stormwater?
- To protect natural water systems from runoff pollution and erosion
- What is light pollution?
- Excess or misdirected outdoor lighting spilling into the night sky or neighboring sites
- How does LEED limit light pollution?
- Shielded, downward-directed outdoor lighting to protect dark skies and wildlife
- What is open space in LEED?
- Vegetated or accessible outdoor area preserved or provided for ecology and occupants
- Why use native and adapted plants?
- They need less water and support local ecology
- How does limiting building footprint help the site?
- It leaves more land natural and undeveloped
- How many questions does Sustainable Sites carry?
- 7 scored questions
- What three water uses does LEED track?
- Outdoor (irrigation), indoor (fixtures), and process (building systems)
- What is outdoor water use in LEED?
- Water for irrigation and landscaping
- What is indoor water use in LEED?
- Water for fixtures: toilets, faucets, showers
- What is process water?
- Water for building systems like cooling towers, dishwashers, and appliances
- How are LEED water reductions measured?
- Design case versus a calculated baseline
- What is WaterSense?
- An EPA labeling program for water-efficient fixtures and products that LEED references
- What is potable water?
- Water that meets drinking-water standards and is safe to drink
- What is graywater?
- Gently used, non-potable water from faucets, showers, and laundry; reusable
- What is blackwater?
- Wastewater containing human waste; it requires treatment before reuse
- Graywater vs. blackwater?
- Graywater = gently used fixture water (reusable); blackwater = toilet waste (needs treatment)
- How can non-potable water replace potable water?
- Use rainwater, graywater, or treated wastewater for irrigation and flushing
- How is outdoor water use reduced?
- Native/adapted landscaping, efficient irrigation, and no potable water for irrigation
- How is indoor water use reduced?
- Low-flow / WaterSense toilets, faucets, and showers
- What does water metering provide?
- Data to track and manage building water consumption
- What is a baseline (water/energy)?
- A calculated reference case the project's improved design case is compared against
- How many questions does Water Efficiency carry?
- 9 scored questions
- Which credit category usually has the most points?
- Energy and Atmosphere
- What is commissioning (Cx)?
- A quality-assurance process verifying energy systems are designed, installed, and operating as intended
- Fundamental vs. enhanced commissioning?
- Fundamental commissioning is a prerequisite (required); enhanced commissioning is a credit (extra points)
- Name the two Energy and Atmosphere prerequisites.
- Fundamental commissioning and minimum energy performance
- What is energy modeling?
- A computer simulation of expected energy use compared against a baseline to show savings
- What is ENERGY STAR?
- An EPA program rating the energy performance of buildings and products
- How is optimizing energy performance demonstrated?
- Through energy modeling or ENERGY STAR benchmarking
- What does a commissioning authority (CxA) do?
- Reviews design, verifies installation, and confirms systems perform as intended
- What is on-site renewable energy?
- Energy generated at the project, such as rooftop solar PV
- What does REC stand for?
- Renewable Energy Certificate
- What is a REC?
- A tradable certificate representing the benefits of one megawatt-hour of renewable electricity
- What does ODP stand for?
- Ozone Depletion Potential
- What does GWP stand for?
- Global Warming Potential
- ODP vs. GWP?
- ODP measures harm to the ozone layer; GWP measures contribution to global warming
- What refrigerants does LEED ban via prerequisite?
- CFC-based refrigerants
- What refrigerants does LEED reward?
- Those with low ODP and low GWP (enhanced refrigerant management)
- What is demand response?
- Reducing or shifting electricity use during peak periods in response to grid signals
- Efficiency first or renewables first?
- Reduce demand (efficiency) first, then add renewable supply
- What is embodied energy?
- The energy used to extract, manufacture, and transport a material before the building is used
- How many questions does Energy and Atmosphere carry?
- 10 scored questions
- What does Materials and Resources focus on?
- What a building is made of and what happens to its waste, across the life cycle
- What is a life-cycle assessment (LCA)?
- An evaluation of a product's or building's environmental impacts from raw material to disposal
- What does cradle-to-grave mean?
- Considering impacts from raw material extraction through end-of-life disposal
- What does EPD stand for?
- Environmental Product Declaration
- What is an EPD?
- A third-party-verified report of a product's life-cycle environmental impacts
- What does HPD stand for?
- Health Product Declaration
- What is an HPD?
- A disclosure of a product's ingredients and associated health hazards
- EPD vs. HPD?
- EPD = environmental impacts ('what are the impacts?'); HPD = ingredients/health ('what's in it?')
- What is LEED v4's big materials shift?
- Rewarding transparency (disclosure) instead of single attributes alone
- What is recycled content?
- The proportion of a material made from pre- or post-consumer recycled materials
- What are regional materials?
- Materials extracted, manufactured, and purchased near the project site
- Why use regional materials?
- To reduce transportation impacts and support the local economy
- What does FSC stand for?
- Forest Stewardship Council
- What is FSC-certified wood?
- Wood certified as responsibly sourced from well-managed forests
- What is construction waste management?
- Diverting construction and demolition debris from landfill via recycling, salvage, and reuse
- What is the Materials and Resources prerequisite?
- Storage and collection of recyclables
- How do reuse and salvage help?
- They keep materials in use and avoid new raw-material extraction
- What are bio-based materials?
- Materials made from renewable plant or animal sources, rewarded for sustainable sourcing
- How many questions does Materials and Resources carry?
- 9 scored questions
- What does Indoor Environmental Quality (IEQ) address?
- Occupant health and comfort: clean air, daylight, thermal comfort, and acoustics
- Name the two IEQ prerequisites.
- Minimum indoor air quality (ventilation) performance and environmental tobacco smoke control
- What does VOC stand for?
- Volatile Organic Compound
- What are VOCs?
- Chemicals that off-gas from paints, adhesives, sealants, flooring, and furniture, harming indoor air
- What are low-emitting materials?
- Paints, coatings, adhesives, flooring, and composite wood with limited VOC content
- Why does LEED limit VOCs?
- To improve indoor air quality and protect occupant health
- What is an IAQ management plan?
- A plan to protect indoor air quality during construction and before occupancy
- What does IAQ stand for?
- Indoor Air Quality
- What is thermal comfort?
- Occupant satisfaction with indoor temperature, humidity, and air movement
- What is daylighting?
- Bringing natural light into regularly occupied spaces
- Why is daylight a synergy?
- It reduces lighting energy (EA) while improving occupant well-being (IEQ)
- What are quality views in LEED?
- Connecting occupants to the outdoors through windows and sightlines
- What is acoustic performance?
- Controlling noise for occupant concentration and comfort
- Why give occupants environmental control?
- Control over lighting and temperature boosts satisfaction and productivity
- What does environmental tobacco smoke control require?
- Prohibiting or containing smoking to protect indoor air
- How many questions does Indoor Environmental Quality carry?
- 8 scored questions
- Which two bonus categories add to the 110 points?
- Innovation (up to 6) and Regional Priority (up to 4)
- What does the Innovation category reward?
- Strategies beyond LEED's requirements and exceptional performance
- How many Innovation points are available?
- Up to 6
- How do you earn a LEED AP Innovation point?
- Have a LEED Accredited Professional on the project team
- What is a Regional Priority credit?
- An existing credit flagged as especially important for the project's region, earning a bonus point
- How many Regional Priority points are available?
- Up to 4
- Are Regional Priority credits new credits?
- No, they are existing credits flagged as locally important
- What is the role of a LEED Green Associate?
- A green-building advocate who explains why sustainability and LEED matter to clients, teams, and the public
- Why do buildings matter environmentally?
- They are a major source of energy use, greenhouse gases, water use, and waste
- What human impact does the built environment have?
- Indoor environments directly affect occupant health and productivity
- What is public outreach in LEED?
- Educating clients, team members, and the public about green building benefits
- What does exemplary performance mean?
- Achieving a credit far beyond its required threshold, which can earn an Innovation point
- How many questions does Project Surroundings & Public Outreach carry?
- 11 scored questions (second-largest domain)
- Why is the advocacy domain often underestimated?
- It carries 11 questions yet tests 'why it matters' framing rather than technical credits
- What is the LEED scorecard?
- The checklist a team uses to track which prerequisites and credits a project pursues
- What is a green building rating system?
- A framework that scores a building's sustainability against defined credits and certifies the result
- Who created LEED?
- The U.S. Green Building Council (USGBC)
- What is third-party verification in LEED?
- Independent review by GBCI confirming a project meets the requirements it claims
- What is the lowest LEED certification level?
- Certified (40 to 49 points)
- What is the highest LEED certification level?
- Platinum (80+ points)
- How long is credential maintenance for a LEED GA?
- 15 continuing-education hours every two years (3 LEED-specific)
- Is LEED voluntary or mandatory?
- Voluntary, though some jurisdictions and owners require it
- What is registration in the LEED process?
- Formally enrolling a project with GBCI to begin pursuing certification
- What is a credit's intent?
- The environmental goal a credit is designed to achieve
- Do prerequisites earn points?
- No, prerequisites are mandatory and worth zero points
- What is a baseline case vs. design case (energy)?
- Baseline = a standard reference building; design case = the actual proposed building
- What is peak demand?
- The highest level of electricity use, which demand response aims to reduce
- What is the building envelope?
- The physical separator (walls, roof, windows) between indoors and outdoors
- Why improve the envelope before adding solar?
- A better envelope lowers loads, so fewer panels are needed (efficiency before supply)
- What is energy benchmarking?
- Comparing a building's energy use against similar buildings, often via ENERGY STAR
- What is a vegetated (green) roof?
- A roof covered with plants that reduces heat island, manages stormwater, and adds habitat
- What is erosion control?
- Preventing soil loss during construction, required by a Sustainable Sites prerequisite
- What is rainwater harvesting?
- Capturing rainwater for reuse, supporting water efficiency and stormwater goals
- What is a flow rate (fixtures)?
- The volume of water a fixture uses, reduced by efficient/WaterSense fixtures
- What is irrigation?
- Applying water to landscape; LEED rewards minimizing or eliminating potable irrigation
- What is post-consumer recycled content?
- Material recycled from products after consumer use (e.g., recycled bottles)
- What is pre-consumer recycled content?
- Manufacturing scrap diverted and reused before reaching a consumer
- What is material reuse?
- Incorporating salvaged or refurbished materials instead of new ones
- What is building product disclosure and optimization?
- LEED v4 credits rewarding EPDs, HPDs, and responsible sourcing (transparency)
- What is durability in materials selection?
- Choosing long-lasting materials to reduce replacement and waste over time
- What is ventilation?
- Supplying fresh outdoor air to maintain indoor air quality
- What is a flush-out?
- Running ventilation to clear off-gassed contaminants before occupancy
- Why are views important to occupants?
- They reduce stress and improve well-being and productivity
- What is glare control?
- Managing excessive brightness from daylight to keep occupants comfortable
- What is occupant comfort survey?
- Gathering feedback on comfort to improve the indoor environment
- What is the difference between LEED GA and LEED AP?
- GA is foundational knowledge; AP shows specialty expertise in a rating system
- What is an Innovation credit example?
- Green education programs or a strategy not addressed by existing LEED credits
- What is a charette's role in outreach?
- Aligning stakeholders, including the public/community, on project goals early
- Why educate clients about LEED?
- To build support, justify investment, and spread green-building adoption
- What is the triple bottom line?
- Balancing environmental, social, and economic outcomes (people, planet, profit)
- What does the integrative process do for cost?
- It lowers cost by making changes early when they are cheap and capturing synergies
- Who leads goal-setting in a green project?
- The whole integrative team together, often facilitated in a charrette
- What is a project's sustainability goal?
- The targeted level of performance (and certification level) the team commits to
- Why analyze water and energy together?
- Efficient water systems (e.g., less hot water) can also cut energy use
- What transportation metric does LEED care about?
- Reducing single-occupancy vehicle trips and total vehicle miles
- What is transit-oriented development?
- Building near high-quality transit to reduce car dependence
- What is a previously developed site?
- Land already altered by paving, construction, or grading; preferred over greenfields
- What is density in site selection?
- Higher surrounding building/population density that supports walking and transit
- What is the LEED Online platform?
- GBCI's web platform where teams register projects and submit documentation
- What is a credit threshold?
- The performance level a project must reach to earn a credit's point(s)
- Can a project be certified without all prerequisites?
- No, every prerequisite is mandatory for certification
- What is a major renovation?
- A substantial building upgrade eligible for BD+C certification
- Which body publishes LEED updates?
- USGBC
- What is a LEED scorecard used for?
- Tracking which prerequisites and credits a project is pursuing and its point total
- What is the role of the project administrator?
- The team member who manages registration and documentation in LEED Online
- What is a rating-system selection guidance?
- The 40/60 rule of thumb helping teams pick the right rating system for a project
- What does certification confirm?
- That a building met LEED prerequisites and earned enough credit points for its level
- What is the difference between LEED v4 and earlier versions?
- v4 raised performance expectations and added transparency-based materials credits
- What is iterative analysis?
- Repeatedly testing design options against goals to find the best-performing solution
- What is the goal of a kickoff charrette?
- Set shared sustainability goals and identify synergies before design begins
- What is stakeholder engagement?
- Involving everyone affected by a project early to improve outcomes
- What is a basis of design (BOD)?
- A document explaining how the design meets the Owner's Project Requirements
- What is a walkability score?
- A measure of how many daily needs are reachable on foot, favored by LEED
- What is reduced parking footprint?
- Building fewer parking spaces to discourage driving and limit paved area
- What is a carpool/rideshare program?
- A strategy to cut single-occupancy vehicle trips, rewarded by LEED
- What protects sensitive land?
- Choosing previously developed sites instead of farmland, wetlands, or habitat
- What is a heat island reduction roof strategy?
- Use high-SRI (reflective) roofing or a vegetated roof
- What is bioretention?
- Using planted areas to capture and filter stormwater runoff
- What is pervious paving?
- Paving that lets water soak through, reducing runoff and heat island
- What is habitat restoration?
- Returning a site to a natural, vegetated state to support ecology
- What is the dark sky goal?
- Minimizing light trespass and sky glow with shielded, downward lighting
- What is a dual-flush toilet?
- A fixture offering two flush volumes to reduce indoor water use
- What is xeriscaping?
- Landscaping with drought-tolerant plants to minimize irrigation
- What is a cooling tower?
- A process-water system that LEED requires to be metered and managed efficiently
- What is the indoor water-use baseline based on?
- Standard fixture flow/flush rates set by plumbing codes
- What is wastewater reduction?
- Cutting the volume of wastewater generated, e.g., with efficient fixtures
- What is the energy performance baseline standard?
- A reference standard (e.g., ASHRAE 90.1) the design is compared against
- What is grid-source energy?
- Electricity purchased from the utility, which renewables aim to offset
- What is green power?
- Renewable electricity purchased to offset a building's energy use
- What is solar photovoltaic (PV)?
- On-site panels converting sunlight to electricity, an EA renewable strategy
- What is a refrigerant?
- A fluid in HVAC systems; LEED limits ozone- and climate-harming types
- What is advanced energy metering?
- Sub-metering energy systems to track and manage consumption (a credit)
- What is the goal of waste diversion?
- Keeping construction and demolition debris out of landfill
- What is salvaged material?
- Reclaimed material reused in a new project, avoiding new extraction
- What is responsible sourcing of raw materials?
- Choosing materials with verified sustainable extraction practices
- What is product transparency?
- Manufacturers disclosing a product's contents and impacts (EPDs/HPDs)
- What is a single-attribute claim?
- A narrow material claim (e.g., recycled content) that LCA-based credits go beyond
- What is CO2 monitoring?
- Tracking carbon dioxide to confirm ventilation is supplying enough fresh air
- What is a low-VOC adhesive?
- An adhesive with limited volatile organic compound content for better air quality
- What is natural ventilation?
- Using operable windows and airflow instead of (or with) mechanical systems
- What is an entryway system?
- Walk-off mats/grilles that capture dirt and pollutants at building entrances
- What is occupant survey feedback?
- Comfort surveys used to verify and improve thermal and lighting conditions
- What is green building advocacy?
- Promoting sustainable design and educating others on its benefits
- What is exemplary performance in Innovation?
- Exceeding a credit's requirement enough to earn an extra Innovation point
- What community benefit does LEED highlight?
- Healthier, more resilient buildings that benefit occupants and neighborhoods
- What is the LEED AP team point?
- An Innovation point earned by having a LEED Accredited Professional on the team
- What are the environmental impacts of buildings?
- Energy use, greenhouse gas emissions, water consumption, and waste generation