Your FREE EDPT Flashcards 2026 – 200+ Cards

Change ÷ original × 100. From 80 to 100 is 20 ÷ 80 = 25% increase.

Means add (+). '8 more than 5 times a number' = 5x + 8.

Means subtract — and it REVERSES order. '3 less than x' = x − 3, not 3 − x.

Multiply (×). 'The product of a number and 5' = 5x.

Divide (÷). 'The quotient of a number and 4' = x ÷ 4.

Multiply. '25% of 80' = 0.25 × 80 = 20.

The equals sign (=) — it separates the two sides of the equation.

Parentheses, Exponents, Multiply/Divide (left→right), Add/Subtract (left→right).

14 — multiply first (3 × 4 = 12), then add 2. Not 20.

Distance = rate × time. So rate = distance ÷ time and time = distance ÷ rate.

Set up a proportion (a/b = c/d) and cross-multiply to find the unknown.

An equation saying two ratios are equal (a/b = c/d). Cross-multiply: a × d = b × c.

Multiply by 1.25. (To decrease by 25%, multiply by 0.75.)

Multiply by 0.80 (because 100% − 20% = 80%).

Add all values, then divide by how many there are.

Total = average × count. Subtract the known values to get the missing one.

Find a common denominator, convert, then add the numerators. 1/3 + 1/6 = 2/6 + 1/6 = 3/6 = 1/2.

Multiply straight across: (a/b) × (c/d) = ac/bd, then simplify.

Multiply by the reciprocal: (a/b) ÷ (c/d) = (a/b) × (d/c).

Divide by 100 (move the decimal two places left). 25% = 0.25.

Divide numerator by denominator, then × 100. 3/4 = 0.75 = 75%.

Isolate the variable: undo addition/subtraction first, then multiplication/division.

Subtract 8: 5x = 15. Divide by 5: x = 3.

2x + 7.

x + 9 = 15, so x = 6.

A change from 10% to 15% is +5 percentage points, but a 50% increase relative to 10%.

Plug the answer choices into the problem and keep the one that fits — fast on a no-calculator test.

Round numbers, do the easy math, and confirm your exact answer is in the right ballpark.

Take the percent OF the base amount, then add (or it IS the amount). 8% tax on $50 = 0.08 × 50 = $4.

Rate = distance ÷ time = 120 ÷ 2 = 60 miles per hour.

A rate with a denominator of 1 (e.g. miles PER hour, cost PER item). Divide to find it.

x, x+1, x+2, … For consecutive EVEN or ODD integers, step by 2: x, x+2, x+4.

Reduce fractions early, factor out common amounts, and use round numbers when estimating.

Length × width.

2 × (length + width).

Common denominator, then subtract numerators. 3/4 − 1/4 = 2/4 = 1/2.

Divide top and bottom by their greatest common factor. 6/8 = 3/4.

Write over a power of 10 and reduce. 0.6 = 6/10 = 3/5.

Turn the percent into a decimal and multiply. 30% of 50 = 0.30 × 50 = 15.

0.20 × 90 = 18.

15 ÷ 60 = 0.25 = 25%.

x − 4.

x ÷ 3 = 7, so x = 21.

x ÷ 2 (or 0.5x).

x².

Add 5: 3x = 21. Divide by 3: x = 7.

Distribute: 2x + 6 = 14, so 2x = 8 and x = 4.

7x.

10x − 5.

Multiply whole × denominator, add numerator, keep denominator. 2 1/3 = 7/3.

Total distance ÷ total time — NOT the average of the two speeds.

If a job takes 4 hours, the rate is 1/4 of the job per hour.

Selling price − cost. Markup is the amount added to the cost.

0.30 × 40 = $12 off, so the price is $28.

Tax = 0.08 × 25 = $2; total = $27.

Parts total 5; each part = 30 ÷ 5 = 6, so 18 and 12.

Set up known/known = new/unknown and cross-multiply.

A positive. (−3) × (−4) = 12.

Subtract and keep the sign of the larger absolute value. −7 + 3 = −4.

Distance from zero, always non-negative. |−5| = 5.

Multiply it by itself. 6² = 36.

The number that multiplies by itself to give it. √49 = 7.

0.38 (the thousandths digit 6 rounds up).

Multiply by 60. 2.5 hours = 150 minutes.

The middle value when the numbers are in order.

A question 'A is to B as C is to ?' that asks you to keep the SAME relationship in the second pair.

State how the first pair relates in a short sentence, then apply that exact sentence to the second pair.

HANGAR — the place where each is kept/parked.

COLD — an antonym (opposite) relationship.

PAGE — part to whole.

The two words mean the same thing. BIG : LARGE.

The two words are opposites. UP : DOWN.

First word is a part of the second. WHEEL : CAR.

First word contains the second. CAR : WHEEL — note the reversed direction.

First is a member of the second. ROBIN : BIRD.

The second is what the first does or is used for. KNIFE : CUT.

The first uses the second. PAINTER : BRUSH.

The first makes the second. BAKER : BREAD.

Same idea, different strength. WARM : HOT, or COOL : COLD.

The first leads to the second. FIRE : SMOKE.

What the object is made of. SHIRT : COTTON.

PART:WHOLE must stay PART:WHOLE in your answer. Keep the order consistent.

Decide the relationship first so a tempting but wrong-relationship choice doesn't fool you.

A choice can be about the right subject but break the relationship — reject it.

SCHOOL — the workplace of each.

SWIM — how each moves.

STEAM (or FIRE) — cause and effect / result.

CAT — young animal to adult animal.

SOCK (or SHOE) — what covers it.

SYMPHONY (or MUSIC) — creator to creation.

WEAPONS — place to what it stores.

HOUR — smaller unit to next-larger unit of time.

TIME — instrument to what it measures.

DESERT — surrounded by.

Use word roots, prefixes, and how the word sounds/relates; then match the relationship, not the exact meaning.

PLAY (or MOVIE) — a part of the larger work.

SLEEP — condition to the action that relieves it.

MEOW — animal to the sound it makes.

CUT — tool to its function.

FOOT — what each is worn on.

SLOW — antonyms.

COW — young to adult animal.

NEST — animal to its home.

HUNGER — what it relieves.

ACCOUNT (or COMPUTER) — what it unlocks.

NIGHT — associated time.

PATIENT — who they serve.

BODY — the powering part of the whole.

HAPPINESS — expression to emotion.

ODOMETER — what measures it.

PAPER (or PAGE) — surface they work on.

FISH — member to its class.

NARROW — antonyms.

CHICKEN (or BIRD) — early form to mature form.

WHALES (or DOLPHINS) — group to its animal.

LENGTH — instrument to what it measures.

FIELD (or COURT) — where they perform.

PARAGRAPH — part to next-larger whole.

QUIET — antonyms.

PENCIL — items in the same set/pair.

WARM — degree (less intense).

HONEY — animal to product.

PLANE — who leads/operates it.

DAM — animal to what it builds.

BOILING WATER — effect to cause.

DISHONEST — antonyms (trait).

PLAY — a section of the whole work.

FIRE — cause to effect.

SWEEP — tool to its function.

25 — add 4 each time (arithmetic sequence, common difference 4).

A series with a constant DIFFERENCE between terms (add/subtract the same amount).

The fixed amount added between consecutive terms of an arithmetic sequence.

A series with a constant RATIO between terms (multiply/divide by the same number).

The fixed number each term is multiplied by to get the next term.

48 — each term doubles (geometric, common ratio 2).

28 — subtract 8 each time (common difference −8).

46 — add 8 each time.

Look at the GAPS between terms. Constant gap = add; constant ratio = multiply.

The difference itself grows: 2, 4, 8, 14 (gaps +2, +4, +6) → next is 22.

25 — the perfect squares (1², 2², 3², 4², 5²).

125 — the perfect cubes (1³, 2³, 3³, 4³, 5³).

Two interleaved patterns — odd positions follow one rule, even positions another.

16 — two series interleaved: 2,4,6 (+2) and 20,18,16 (−2).

Each term = previous × a, then + b. E.g. ×2 then +1: 1, 3, 7, 15 → next 31.

95 — each term is ×2 + 1 (5×2+1=11, 11×2+1=23 …).

Each term is the sum of the two before it: 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13 …

13 — add the previous two terms (Fibonacci).

A pattern of letters; convert to alphabet positions (A=1 … Z=26) and treat as numbers.

I — positions 1, 3, 5, 7 (gap +2), so next is position 9 = I.

J — every other letter (skip one each time).

R — going backward, skipping one letter each step.

At test start, jot A=1 … Z=26 so every letter pattern becomes a quick number problem.

10 — divide by 2 each time (common ratio 1/2).

66 — the gap shrinks by 1 each step (−10, −9, −8, −7).

Check addition first, then multiplication, then growing/shrinking gaps, then alternating.

112 — each term doubles.

47 — each term is ×2 + 1.

50 — subtract a growing amount (−5, −10, −15, −20).

243 — multiply by 3 each time.

4 — halve each time.

29 — gaps grow by 1 (+3, +4, +5, +6).

Try splitting into two interleaved series, or look for squares/cubes or a ×then+ rule.

16 — add 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 … (the gap grows by 1).

20 — add 4 each time.

1 — divide by 3 each time.

162 — multiply by 3 each time.

30 — subtract 5 each time.

15 — add 2, 3, 4, 5 … (triangular numbers).

26 — each term is the sum of the previous two (Fibonacci-style).

96 — double each time.

50 — subtract 10 each time.

256 — multiply by 4 each time.

18 — gaps grow by 1 (+1, +2, +3, +4, +5).

12.5 — halve each time.

80 — double each time.

4 — subtract 2 each time.

32 — double each time (powers of 2).

25 — the squares of 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5.

K — gaps grow (+1, +2, +3, +4): positions 1,2,4,7,11.

O — skip two letters each time (+3 positions).

Q — backward, skip one each time (−2 positions).

M — +3 positions each step.

27 — add 5 each time.

79 — each term is ×2 + 1.

1000 — multiply by 10 (powers of 10).

7 — subtract 2 each time.

27 — gaps grow by 2 (+3, +5, +7, +9).

17 — gaps grow by 1 (+1, +2, +3, +4, +5).

64 — descending perfect squares (12², 11², 10², 9², 8²).

50 — each term is ×2 − 2.

120 — multiply by 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 (factorials).

Divide a term by the one before it; if the result is constant, that's the common ratio.

Subtract a term from the next; if the result is constant, that's the common difference.

A non-verbal item: the first figure changes into the second by ONE transformation; apply that same change to the third.

Find the SINGLE transformation between the first two figures, then apply it to the third.

Turning a figure around a point (90° or 180°) without flipping it. An up-arrow becomes a right-arrow.

Flipping a figure across a line into its mirror image — left and right reverse.

If spinning the page would do it, it's a rotation; if you'd have to flip the page over, it's a reflection.

A dot, line, or smaller shape appears in the second figure.

A feature present in the first figure is gone in the second.

The number of items increases or decreases by a fixed amount.

The shape gets larger or smaller while keeping its form.

An unshaded shape becomes shaded (or vice versa), or the pattern fill changes.

→ (up becomes right).

↓ (right becomes down).

↓ (up becomes down).

It becomes right-facing — a mirror image.

Look for the simplest single rule that explains all of them — the test rewards the clean pattern.

Up — apply the same 90° clockwise turn to the left-arrow.

Figure analogies almost always use a single transformation; finding it makes the answer obvious.

Left and right (handedness). Rotation does NOT reverse handedness.

Confirm the DIRECTION of a rotation from the first pair before applying it to the third.

Occasionally two changes happen (e.g. rotate AND shade) — apply both, in the same way, to the third figure.

Spotting patterns and relationships in shapes/symbols rather than words or numbers.

Finding the underlying rule in a series of numbers, letters, or figures to predict what comes next.

Re-apply your rule to the first pair to confirm it produces the second figure exactly.

Note lines of symmetry — a reflection often flips a shape across one of them.

An element may move (e.g. a dot shifts from one corner to another) by a fixed step.

A rotated shape keeps the same parts in the same order; a reflected one mirrors them.

Cross off any option that doesn't match your transformation, then choose among the rest.

A single quarter-turn. Two quarter-turns (180°) point a shape the opposite way.

Both are pattern problems — figure analogies use shapes, number series use numbers; the strategy (find the rule) is the same.

Part of the figure may stay the same while another part transforms — change only what changes.

← (down becomes left).

↑ (left becomes up).

← (right becomes left).

→ (left becomes right).

↑ stays ↑ (an up-arrow is symmetric left-right).

A 'd' shape — its mirror image.

A 'b' shape — flipped top to bottom.

4 dots — add one each step.

Apply the same change consistently (e.g. larger, or back to small if it cycles).

Apply the same fill change the first pair showed.

A mirror image (reflection) — it reverses left and right.

A square (4 sides) → pentagon (5 sides): add one side each step.

A dot in the top-left moves to the top-right, then bottom-right, … by a fixed step.

If the figure both rotates and gains a dot, apply BOTH to the third figure.

90° is a quarter-turn (orientation perpendicular); 180° points the shape the opposite way.

Re-apply your transformation to figure 1 and check it produces figure 2 exactly.

Swaps the shape's position relative to that diagonal line — still a mirror image.

Only transform the part that changed between the first two figures.

A pure rotation doesn't make the shape bigger or smaller — only its orientation changes.

A square looks the same after 90° turns — watch a marked corner or dot to see the rotation.

Order rarely matters for the answer, but apply the SAME set of changes to the third figure.

If left/right features swap but top/bottom don't, it's a horizontal reflection.

Cross off any choice whose orientation can't come from your transformation.

A 'remove an element' rule may take away a line, not a whole shape.

Some figure series cycle through a fixed set of orientations — find the cycle length.