Your FREE Civil Service Exam Flashcards 2026 – 250+ Cards

The verb matches the true subject in number, ignoring phrases in between.

IS — the subject is the singular 'list,' not 'applicants.'

Hardworking, industrious.

Scarce.

A synonym means nearly the same; an antonym means the opposite.

Frank, honest.

Engaging, interesting.

Careful, sensible.

Reckless, rash.

Concise, brief.

Stingy, selfish.

Outdated, antiquated.

Name the relationship in the first pair, then apply the same one to the second pair.

PAINTER — the link is tool to user.

The central point a paragraph makes, supported by all of its details.

The main idea is the general point; a supporting detail is one specific fact.

A conclusion drawn from what a passage implies, not what it states directly.

An action completed before another past action ('had finished before he arrived').

Singular — they take a singular verb.

Usually singular; the verb agrees with the nearer subject.

Accommodate — double c and double m.

To give up or surrender.

To be exactly right about something.

Something that seems bad but turns out to be good.

Often first (or last) — it states the general point the rest support.

First, Next, Then, Finally — they reveal the sequence.

A pronoun must match its antecedent in number and gender.

Use signal words ('because' = cause, 'although' = contrast) to fit the logic.

The cause demands a matching result — e.g. goods were 'difficult to deliver.'

Thorough, careful, precise.

Opaque; (figuratively) secretive.

Agreeable, cooperative.

Contract, shrink.

Clear, easy to understand.

Thrifty, economical.

Arrogant, proud.

Watchful, alert.

Mandatory, required.

Obey, conform.

Usually a plural verb.

Usually singular when acting as one unit.

Place the modifier next to the word it describes to avoid confusion.

Enthusiastic, eager.

Reveal, expose.

Stick to, comply with.

Permanent.

Fair, unbiased, neutral.

Biased, prejudiced.

Discourage, prevent.

Brief, to the point.

Wordy, verbose.

Careless, neglectful.

To avoid getting to the point.

Very rarely.

To do something cheaply or carelessly to save time/money.

Wait; be patient.

Possessive — belonging to them.

'Affect' is usually the verb; 'effect' is usually the noun.

'It's' = 'it is'; 'its' is possessive.

'Fewer' for countable items; 'less' for uncountable quantity.

The object of a verb or preposition.

Two independent clauses joined without proper punctuation or a conjunction.

The sentence that states the main idea a paragraph develops.

Considerable, significant.

Inaccurate, erroneous.

Careful, persistent effort.

Receive — 'i before e except after c.'

Separate.

Convert the percent to a decimal and multiply (25% of 80 = 0.25 × 80 = 20).

20.

A part out of 100 ('per hundred').

Divide x by y and multiply by 100.

(change ÷ original) × 100.

50%.

25%.

75%.

20%.

About 33.3%.

Cross-multiply: if 3/4 = x/20, then 4x = 60, so x = 15.

A comparison of two quantities (e.g. 3 to 4).

Add the parts, divide the total by the sum, then multiply by each share.

1/4 of the job per hour.

1/4 + 1/6 = 5/12 of the job per hour; total time = 12/5 = 2.4 hrs.

Sum of the values ÷ the number of values.

The middle value when the numbers are arranged in order.

15 (add 3 each time — arithmetic).

32 (double each time — geometric).

36 (perfect squares: 6²).

13 (Fibonacci — sum of the two before).

1 (divide by 3 each time).

80 (×2).

37 (differences +5, +7, +9, +11…).

A constant difference between consecutive terms.

A constant ratio between consecutive terms.

Parentheses, Exponents, Multiply/Divide, Add/Subtract.

Find a common denominator, add the numerators, then simplify.

Cross-multiply or convert to a common denominator (or to decimals).

A number greater than 1 divisible only by 1 and itself (2, 3, 5, 7, 11…).

5 (sum 20 ÷ 4).

30.

1/5.

60%.

180 degrees.

Length × width.

2 × (length + width).

112 (×2).

66 (subtract 10, 9, 8, 7…).

47 (double and add 1).

25.

45.

25.

3/4.

2/5.

144.

9 (since 9 × 9 = 81).

21 (triangular numbers; differences +2,+3,+4,+5,+6).

42 (differences +4,+6,+8,+10,+12).

16 (differences +1,+2,+3,+4,+5).

243 (×3).

20.

Selling price minus cost price.

Interest = principal × rate × time.

Any number 6 divides evenly (6, 12, 18, 24…).

A number that divides 12 evenly (1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 12).

12.

6.

1/8.

1 (whole).

2.5.

1:2.

5 (unit rate = total ÷ quantity).

The value that appears most often.

One-half × base × height.

25 (differences +2,+3,+4,+5,+6).

4 (20% of 100 = 20; 20% of 20 = 4).

SCHOOL — the link is worker to workplace.

A logical argument whose conclusion follows from its premises.

When the conclusion must be true whenever the premises are true.

All whales are warm-blooded (valid).

No — that is the invalid converse.

At least one applicant did NOT submit (not 'no applicant did').

From general rules to a guaranteed specific conclusion.

From specific observations to a probable general pattern.

Deductive — if the premises are true, the conclusion must be true.

'If P then Q' becomes 'If not Q then not P' — and it is valid.

It was not signed (contrapositive).

An unstated premise the argument needs in order to hold.

Place fixed clues first, then use relative clues ('left of', 'between').

Lina, Mae, Nita — so Lina is leftmost.

Deciding whether the given clues are enough to answer the question.

Tool-to-user, part-to-whole, cause-and-effect, worker-to-workplace.

A premise is an assumed-true statement; the conclusion follows from the premises.

At least one (possibly all), so 'some A are B' allows 'some B are A.'

The alarm did not ring (contrapositive).

FOOT — part to whole.

DOWN — antonyms / opposites.

From 'All cats are animals,' concluding 'All animals are cats.'

A true set of premises guarantees a true conclusion.

Make a sentence of the link and check it fits both pairs in the same direction.

That hiring clerks will actually reduce the backlog.

SWIM — object to its characteristic action.

BIRD (or chicken) — early stage to mature form.

Validity is about logical form; truth is about whether the statements match reality.

A second-level difference, a 'double-and-add' rule, or alternating operations.

Find the strongest, most specific relationship between the words.

ACCOUNT (or computer) — opens / grants access.

MONEY — place to its contents.

RUBBER — object to material.

SLEEP — condition to its remedy.

HAMMER (or saw) — worker to tool.

x is NOT a B.

No — 'some' means at least one, not all.

A single case that proves a general claim false.

Ben.

P is false (contrapositive: not Q → not P).

Using the conclusion itself as a premise (begging the question).

PEACE — opposites.

TIME — instrument to what it measures.

The claim the premises are meant to support.

Necessary must be present; sufficient guarantees the result on its own.

Sufficient.

AIRPLANE — operator to vehicle.

Perfect squares (1², 2², 3², 4²).

No — that is affirming the consequent (invalid).

SONG (or melody) — part to whole.

The Bill of Rights — the fundamental civil and political rights of citizens.

Eight (8).

Statement of Assets, Liabilities and Net Worth.

The Code of Conduct and Ethical Standards for Public Officials and Employees.

1987.

Six years, with no re-election.

24, elected nationally.

18 years old.

Filipino.

Legislative (makes laws), Executive (enforces), Judicial (interprets).

The Legislative branch — Congress (Senate + House of Representatives).

The Executive branch — the President and the Cabinet.

The Judicial branch — the Supreme Court and lower courts.

Civil Service Commission (CSC), COMELEC, and Commission on Audit (COA).

The Civil Service Commission (CSC).

The Supreme Court's power to declare a law or act unconstitutional.

Government authority is divided among the Legislative, Executive, and Judicial branches.

Officials are accountable to the people and must serve with integrity and efficiency.

The Commission on Elections (COMELEC).

The Commission on Audit (COA).

The Commission on Human Rights (CHR).

The Ecological Solid Waste Management Act of 2000.

Waste segregation at source, recycling/composting, and sanitary landfills (no open dumps).

The Philippine Clean Air Act of 1999.

The Philippine Clean Water Act of 2004.

Wildlife resources, their habitats, and biodiversity (Wildlife Conservation Act).

The Data Privacy Act of 2012, protecting personal information.

The Magna Carta of Women, promoting women's rights and equality.

Reduce, Reuse, and Recycle.

Separating waste into biodegradable, recyclable, and residual at the point it is generated.

Commitment to public interest — put the public good above personal interest.

Professionalism — perform duties with excellence, skill, and dedication.

Justness and sincerity — act with justice, fairness, and honesty.

Political neutrality — serve everyone fairly, regardless of party.

Responsiveness to the public — give prompt, courteous, adequate service.

Nationalism and patriotism — be loyal to the Republic and the Filipino people.

Commitment to democracy — uphold the Constitution; country above party.

Simple living — lead a modest life appropriate to one's position and income.

On entering service, annually thereafter, and on separation from the service.

For transparency — to disclose wealth and check for unexplained wealth or conflicts of interest.

No — soliciting or accepting gifts in the course of official duties is prohibited.

The guarantee of fair procedure and law before depriving anyone of life, liberty, or property.

The State must treat persons in similar situations alike, without unfair discrimination.

Protection against being tried twice for the same offense after an acquittal.

The right to practice any religion without government interference.

The right to publish, including material critical of government, without censorship.

No person can be compelled to be a witness against himself.

An arrested person may secure temporary liberty while awaiting trial, with exceptions.

A detained person's right to be informed of the charges and to a lawful detention.

Protection against unreasonable searches and seizures (a warrant is generally required).

The people's right to assemble and petition the government for redress of grievances.

Just compensation when private property is taken for public use.

The Vice President.

Three years.

The Chairperson of the CSC.

The President, with the consent of the Commission on Appointments.

The 1987 Constitution.

Resolving disputes through dialogue and protecting human dignity (no torture).

Declining a gift from a bidding contractor to avoid a conflict of interest.

Serving every citizen equally regardless of status or political belief.

Living modestly even when one's salary could afford luxury.

The introductory statement of the people's aims in adopting it.

In the Declaration of Principles (Article II) of the 1987 Constitution.

To defend the State (and honor the flag and Constitution).

The right of qualified citizens to vote.

That public office is a public trust.

Administrative and/or criminal liability under RA 6713.

The President.

The barangay.

Elections and the enforcement of election laws.

When a personal interest could improperly influence official duties.

Guaranteed, for purposes not contrary to law.

RA 9710.

Wildlife resources and their habitats.

Undue delay in the disposition of a case.

An accused person is entitled to a lawyer's assistance.

To investigate human rights violations.

RA 9003 (Ecological Solid Waste Management Act).

Protecting a balanced and healthful ecology (environmental policy).

RA 9275 (the Clean Water Act).

Prompt, courteous, and adequate service to citizens.

Acting with justice, fairness, and honesty in service.

Performing duties with excellence, skill, and dedication.

Loyalty to the Republic and promoting Filipino interests.

Commitment to public interest and accountability.

Commitment to public interest (economical use of resources).

Article IV of the 1987 Constitution.

The Supreme Court.

Congress as a constituent assembly, a constitutional convention, or people's initiative.