- Octagon (8-sided), red sign
- STOP sign — come to a complete stop, yield to traffic and pedestrians, then go when safe.
- Downward-pointing triangle, red & white
- YIELD sign — slow down and give the right-of-way; stop if necessary.
- Yellow diamond sign
- General warning — a hazard ahead such as a curve, hill, merge, or intersection.
- Orange diamond or rectangular sign
- Construction or maintenance work zone ahead — slow down and watch for workers.
- Fluorescent yellow-green pentagon (5-sided) sign
- School zone or school crossing — reduce speed, watch for children.
- Round yellow sign with a black 'RR' and X
- Railroad crossing ahead — be ready to stop for a train.
- Crossbuck (white X-shaped) sign at tracks
- Railroad crossing — has the same meaning as a YIELD sign; give way to any train.
- Pennant-shaped (horizontal triangle) yellow sign
- No-passing zone begins — posted on the left side of the road.
- White rectangular regulatory sign
- Tells you a law: speed limit, one way, lane use, turn rules. You must obey it.
- Color meaning: RED on a sign
- Stop or prohibition (STOP, YIELD, DO NOT ENTER, WRONG WAY).
- Color meaning: YELLOW on a sign
- General warning of a hazard or change ahead.
- Color meaning: ORANGE on a sign
- Construction and maintenance (work zone) warning.
- Color meaning: GREEN on a sign
- Guide and direction information (exits, distances, destinations).
- Color meaning: BLUE on a sign
- Motorist services (rest areas, hospitals, gas, food, lodging).
- Color meaning: BROWN on a sign
- Recreation and cultural/scenic points of interest (parks).
- Steady red traffic light
- Stop and stay stopped until green; a right turn on red is allowed after stopping unless a sign prohibits it.
- Steady yellow traffic light
- The light is about to turn red — stop if you can do so safely.
- Flashing red traffic signal
- Treat like a STOP sign: stop, yield, then proceed when safe.
- Flashing yellow traffic signal
- Caution — slow down and proceed carefully through the intersection.
- Flashing yellow left-turn arrow
- You may turn left, but must yield to oncoming traffic and pedestrians first.
- Red turn arrow
- No turn in that direction until the arrow turns green.
- Completely dark traffic signal (power outage)
- Treat the intersection as a four-way (all-way) stop.
- Solid yellow line on your side of center
- No passing — do not cross it to pass.
- Broken (dashed) yellow center line
- Passing is allowed when it is safe.
- Double solid yellow lines
- No passing in either direction.
- Solid white line
- Discourages lane changes — stay in your lane; often marks the road edge.
- Broken (dashed) white line
- Separates lanes going the same direction; lane changes allowed when safe.
- Yellow center two-way left-turn lane
- A shared center lane used only for left turns, from either direction.
- White diamond painted in a lane
- HOV (high-occupancy / carpool) lane — minimum number of occupants required.
- Double white solid lines (HOV boundary)
- Do not cross — enter or exit the HOV lane only at marked openings.
- What does white separate vs. yellow on the pavement?
- White separates traffic moving the same direction; yellow separates opposing directions.
- Interstate route shield
- Red, white, and blue shield with a route number — marks an interstate freeway.
- U.S. route marker
- Black-and-white rounded shield with a route number — marks a U.S. highway.
- Mile marker (e.g., 'MILE 142')
- Small post showing distance along the highway; helps locate you in an emergency.
- Green guide sign reading 'EXIT 142'
- Identifies the freeway exit number — a directional guide sign.
- Yellow 'EXIT ONLY' tab on an overhead sign
- That lane leaves the freeway at the next exit — move over if you want to stay on.
- Large white arrow painted in your lane
- Tells you the only direction(s) you may travel from that lane.
- White shark-teeth triangles across your lane
- Yield line — yield to traffic or pedestrians ahead, common at roundabouts and crosswalks.
- Yellow diagonal stripes between opposing lanes
- A painted median/buffer — do not drive on it.
- Rumble strips along the edge or center line
- Raised or grooved strips that vibrate to warn you that you are drifting out of your lane.
- Brown background sign
- Recreation, park, or scenic/cultural point of interest.
- Blue background sign
- Motorist services such as rest areas, hospitals, gas, food, and lodging.
- Round blue sign with a wheelchair symbol
- Marks accessible (disabled) parking or facilities.
- Orange 'ROAD WORK AHEAD' sign
- A work zone is ahead — slow down, obey flaggers, watch for lane shifts.
- Flagger holding a paddle with 'STOP' / 'SLOW'
- Obey the flagger — their instructions override signs and signals in a work zone.
- Electronic arrow board on a work-zone truck
- Directs you to merge in the indicated direction away from the closed lane.
- Steady WALK / walking-person pedestrian signal
- Pedestrians may begin crossing in the crosswalk.
- Flashing DON'T WALK with a countdown
- Do not start crossing; finish if you have already begun before the count ends.
- Rectangular rapid-flashing beacon at a crosswalk
- Warns drivers a pedestrian is crossing — stop and yield.
- Ramp meter signal (red/green only) on a freeway on-ramp
- Controls how fast cars enter the freeway — one car per green.
- Small traffic signal showing a bicycle symbol
- A bicycle signal — controls bike movement separately from car traffic.
- Yellow curb (with 'BUS' stencil)
- Loading or bus zone — usually no parking; check posted limits.
- Painted box of crisscross lines at an intersection
- Keep-clear / do-not-block zone — do not stop in it even on green.
- Green bike box painted at an intersection
- A space ahead of the stop line reserved for bicyclists waiting at the light.
- Reflective raised pavement markers (reflectors) at night
- Outline the lanes; white marks same-direction edges, yellow marks the center/left edge.
- Overhead sign with a downward arrow over a lane
- Tells you which lane to be in for a destination or movement directly below it.
- Fluorescent yellow-green warning signs
- Highlight pedestrian, bicycle, and school-related warnings for extra visibility.
- DO NOT ENTER sign
- Red circle with a white horizontal bar — you may not enter; usually a wrong-way ramp.
- WRONG WAY sign
- You are traveling against traffic — stop, turn around safely, and get back on the correct side.
- Solid white edge line on the right
- Marks the right edge of the travel lane (the fog line).
- Default speed limit — city or town streets (WA)
- 25 mph unless otherwise posted (RCW 46.61.400).
- Default speed limit — county roads (WA)
- 50 mph unless otherwise posted.
- Default speed limit — state highways (WA)
- 60 mph unless otherwise posted.
- Max speed — rural interstate freeways for cars (WA)
- Up to 70 mph where posted; heavy trucks (over 10,000 lbs) are capped at 60 mph.
- School-zone speed limit (WA)
- 20 mph when lights are flashing or children are present; fines are doubled.
- Basic speed rule (WA)
- Always drive at a speed that is reasonable and safe for current conditions, even below the posted limit.
- 'When children are present' school-zone limit
- The lower limit applies if children are in the zone; slow down whenever in doubt.
- Flashing beacons at a school zone
- Activate the reduced school-zone speed limit — slow to the posted lower limit.
- Four-way stop, two cars arrive together (WA)
- The driver on the left yields to the driver on the right.
- Four-way stop, who goes first?
- The first vehicle to come to a complete stop has the right-of-way.
- Turning left at an intersection
- Yield to oncoming traffic going straight before you turn.
- Entering a roundabout (WA)
- Yield to traffic already circulating; enter at a safe gap and go counterclockwise.
- Direction of travel in a roundabout
- Counterclockwise — never stop inside the circle.
- Emergency vehicle approaches in a roundabout
- Exit the roundabout first, then pull over — don't stop in the circle.
- Uncontrolled T-intersection
- Traffic on the road that ends yields to traffic on the through road.
- Entering a road from a driveway or alley
- Yield to all traffic and pedestrians already on the road or sidewalk.
- Right turn on red (WA)
- Allowed after a complete stop and yielding, unless a 'No Turn on Red' sign is posted.
- Left turn on red (WA)
- Allowed from a one-way street onto another one-way street, after stopping, unless prohibited.
- Pedestrian at a crosswalk (WA)
- Stop and yield — every intersection is a legal crosswalk whether marked or not.
- Instruction permit age (WA)
- 15 if enrolled in driver education, or 15½ without it.
- Who must supervise an instruction-permit holder (WA)?
- A licensed driver 21 or older with at least 5 years of driving experience, in the front seat.
- Intermediate license age (WA)
- 16, after the permit period, required supervised hours, and a road test.
- Intermediate license — first 6 months, passengers (WA)
- No passengers under 20 except immediate family.
- Intermediate license — after 6 months, passengers (WA)
- No more than three non-family passengers under age 20.
- Intermediate license — nighttime curfew (WA)
- No driving 1 a.m.–5 a.m. unless supervised by a licensed driver 25+, or for work, school, or an emergency.
- When do intermediate-license restrictions end (WA)?
- At age 18, or after one year of ticket-free and crash-free driving — whichever comes first.
- Graduated Driver License (GDL)
- Washington's staged system: instruction permit → intermediate license → full license.
- Does Washington use a points system?
- No. The DOL suspends based on the frequency of moving violations, not demerit points.
- Suspension threshold — 12-month window (WA)
- 4 moving violations within 12 months can lead to suspension.
- Suspension threshold — 24-month window (WA)
- 5 moving violations within 24 months can lead to suspension.
- Habitual Traffic Offender (WA)
- Several major offenses (or many moving violations) within 5 years; carries a multi-year revocation.
- Driver license (regular) — Washington
- The standard non-commercial license for operating a passenger vehicle.
- Washington DOL
- Department of Licensing — issues licenses and gives the knowledge test. Washington has no 'DMV.'
- Knowledge test format (WA)
- 40 multiple-choice questions; you must answer 32 correct (80%) to pass.
- Who has the right-of-way on a narrow mountain road?
- The vehicle going uphill; the downhill driver should back up or yield as needed.
- Yielding the right-of-way means
- Giving it, never taking it — when in doubt, yield.
- Signaling before a turn or lane change
- Signal continuously for at least 100 feet before turning or changing lanes.
- Passing on the right (WA)
- Allowed only in limited cases (e.g., a multilane road or a car turning left); never on the shoulder.
- U-turn rules
- Make a U-turn only where it's legal and you can see clearly; never near a curve or crest of a hill.
- Parking on a hill, facing downhill
- Turn the front wheels toward the curb and set the parking brake.
- Legal BAC limit — driver 21+ (WA)
- 0.08% under RCW 46.61.502; you can be charged below that if your driving is affected.
- BAC limit — driver under 21 (WA)
- 0.02% (Minor DUI) — zero tolerance under RCW 46.61.503.
- BAC limit — commercial driver / CDL (WA)
- 0.04% — half the normal limit, under RCW 46.25.110.
- Aggravating BAC (WA)
- 0.15% or higher brings enhanced mandatory penalties and a longer interlock requirement.
- Implied consent (WA)
- By driving you agree to a breath or blood test if arrested for DUI; refusing brings an automatic suspension.
- Ignition interlock device (IID)
- Required after a DUI conviction (RCW 46.20.720); the car won't start if it detects alcohol.
- First IID restriction length (WA)
- One year (five years for a second offense, ten for a third).
- Deferred prosecution (WA)
- A one-time option to complete a two-year treatment program in exchange for the DUI charge being dismissed if you comply.
- E-DUI law (Washington, 2017)
- 'Driving Under the Influence of Electronics' — holding/using a handheld device while driving is a primary offense.
- Is E-DUI a primary or secondary offense?
- Primary — an officer can pull you over for holding a phone alone.
- Can you hold your phone at a red light in WA?
- No. E-DUI applies even while stopped at a light or in traffic; use hands-free only.
- First E-DUI ticket fine (WA)
- $136; a second offense within five years rises to $234 and is reported to your insurer.
- Dangerously Distracted offense (WA)
- A secondary ticket for other distractions (eating, grooming) that interfere with safe driving.
- Three-second following rule
- Stay at least 3 seconds behind the car ahead; add time in rain, fog, or behind a motorcycle.
- Why count seconds, not car lengths?
- Seconds scale automatically with speed, giving a safe gap at any speed.
- Headlight requirement — time of day (WA)
- From a half hour after sunset until a half hour before sunrise.
- Headlight requirement — low visibility (WA)
- Whenever you cannot see clearly 1,000 feet ahead.
- 'Wipers on, lights on' rule (WA)
- RCW 46.37.020 requires headlights whenever wipers run continuously for rain, snow, or fog.
- Which beams to use in fog or heavy rain?
- Low beams — high beams reflect off the moisture and reduce your visibility.
- Dim high beams within what distance? (WA)
- Within 500 feet of an oncoming vehicle or 300 feet behind one you are following.
- Seat belt law (WA) — primary or secondary?
- Primary (RCW 46.61.688) — an officer can stop you solely for an unbuckled occupant.
- Who must wear a seat belt (WA)?
- Everyone in the vehicle; the driver is responsible for passengers under 16.
- Hydroplaning
- Losing traction on a film of water; more likely the faster you drive — slow down and ease off the gas.
- Recovering from a rear-wheel skid
- Ease off the gas and steer gently in the direction you want the front of the car to go.
- Adjusting speed on a wet or slick road
- Slow down and increase your following distance well beyond the usual three seconds.
- Stopping distance behind another car at a light
- Stop far enough back to see the rear tires of the car ahead touch the pavement.
- Blind spots
- Areas beside and behind your car mirrors can't show — turn your head to check before changing lanes.
- Why mirror-only checks aren't enough
- Mirrors leave blind spots; you must also turn your head to look directly before merging.
- Defensive scanning (SIPDE / IPDE)
- Scan well ahead, identify hazards, predict, decide, and execute — keep your eyes moving.
- Safest lane on a multilane road
- Often the right lane for steady travel; keep left lanes clear for passing.
- Stale green light
- A green that has been green a long time may change — cover the brake and be ready to stop.
- A ball rolls into the street
- Slow down and be ready to stop — a child may run out after it.
- Controlling speed downhill on a long grade
- Shift to a lower gear and use engine braking; don't ride the brakes.
- Goal when merging onto a freeway
- Match the speed of freeway traffic and merge into a gap without stopping on the ramp.
- Two cars side by side at a four-way stop
- The driver on the right goes first.
- Center two-way left-turn lane use
- Use it only to prepare for or complete a left turn — never as a travel or passing lane.
- Dark signal due to power outage — defensive action
- Treat it as a four-way stop; stop, yield, and proceed in turn.
- Why leave extra space behind a motorcycle?
- Motorcycles can stop very quickly and are easy to misjudge — give more following distance.
- Defensive action at a railroad crossing with flashing lights
- Stop and wait — never drive around lowered gates or race a train.
- Driving when drowsy
- Pull over and rest; coffee and open windows don't replace sleep.
- Move Over law (WA)
- Move one lane away from a stopped emergency/tow/assistance vehicle with lights on, or slow down if you can't (RCW 46.61.212).
- Approaching an emergency vehicle with lights and siren
- Pull to the right edge of the road and stop until it passes.
- School bus with flashing red lights and stop arm
- Drivers in both directions must stop until the lights stop and the arm folds back.
- School-bus exception (WA)
- On a road with 3+ lanes separated by a median, oncoming traffic may proceed with caution.
- Is a painted center line a 'median' for the bus rule?
- No — a painted line or two-way left-turn lane does not count; you must still stop.
- School bus with flashing amber (yellow) lights
- The bus is preparing to stop — slow down and be ready to stop.
- Child rear-facing car seat (WA)
- Required until the child is at least 2 years old (RCW 46.61.687).
- Child forward-facing harness seat (WA)
- From age 2 until at least age 4 (or until they outgrow the seat).
- Booster seat requirement (WA)
- From age 4 until the child is 4 feet 9 inches tall, so the adult belt fits correctly.
- Back-seat rule for children (WA)
- Children under 13 must ride in the back seat whenever practical.
- Passing a bicyclist (WA)
- Give at least 3 feet of space and treat the bicyclist as a vehicle with full rights to the lane.
- A motorcyclist riding in the left part of the lane
- They're positioning for visibility/safety — don't crowd them or share their lane.
- Motorcycle stopped in the lane next to you at a light
- Give it a full lane; never try to share the lane with a motorcycle.
- Why motorcyclists need extra room in the rain
- Wet roads cut their traction sharply and they have less stability than cars.
- Large truck turning right
- It may swing left first — never squeeze up the right side of a turning truck.
- A truck's 'No-Zone' (blind spots)
- Large blind spots beside, behind, and in front; if you can't see the mirrors, the driver can't see you.
- Crosswalk rule — marked or unmarked (WA)
- Every intersection is a legal crosswalk; stop and yield to pedestrians whether or not lines are painted.
- Work-zone flagger
- Obey the flagger; their hand signals and paddle override signs and signals.
- Work-zone fines (WA)
- Traffic fines are roughly doubled in marked work zones.
- Following a school bus that activates yellow lights
- Slow down and prepare to stop — red lights and the stop arm come next.
- Pedestrian using a white cane or guide dog
- Always yield — they may have a visual impairment; stop well back and wait.
- Sharing the road with farm equipment / slow vehicles
- A red-orange triangle marks a slow-moving vehicle — slow down and pass only when safe.
- Driving near a bicycle in a bike lane
- Don't drive or park in the bike lane; yield to bikes before crossing it to turn.
- Encountering wildlife or deer on the road
- Slow down, use high beams when no one is oncoming, and don't swerve sharply.
- Funeral procession
- Yield and do not cut through it; the lead car sets the right-of-way for the rest.
- Driving in fog (WA)
- Slow down, use low beams, and increase your following distance; pull off safely if you can't see.
- Driving on snow or ice (WA)
- Slow down, brake gently, increase distance, and carry/use chains or traction tires when required.
- Traction-tire / chain requirement signs (WA)
- When posted in the mountains, you must use approved traction tires or chains to proceed.
- Heavy rain and standing water
- Slow down to avoid hydroplaning and steer through puddles gently.
- Roundabout and an approaching emergency vehicle
- Continue out of the roundabout, then pull over — don't stop in the circle.
- Stopped on the shoulder for an emergency
- Pull completely off the road, turn on hazard lights, and stay aware of passing traffic.
- Sharing the road with pedestrians at night
- They're harder to see — scan the road edges, slow down, and dim high beams for oncoming cars.
- Bicyclist signaling a left turn
- Left arm straight out; yield as you would for any vehicle changing lanes or turning.
- A child standing at a school-bus stop
- Slow down and be ready to stop; children may dart into the road unexpectedly.
- Yielding to transit buses re-entering traffic (WA)
- Where signed, yield to a transit bus signaling to pull back into the lane.
- Emergency-vehicle right-of-way
- Give the right-of-way to any authorized emergency vehicle using its siren and lights.
- Move Over — which vehicles are covered? (WA)
- Police, fire, ambulance, tow trucks, and highway-assistance vehicles showing emergency/warning lights.
- Driving past a crash or stalled car on the shoulder
- Move over a lane if safe or slow down — the Move Over law protects them too.
- Bicyclist riding at night requirements
- They need a front light and rear reflector; still give 3 feet and pass with care.
- When can oncoming traffic skip stopping for a school bus?
- Only on a road of three or more lanes separated by a physical median.
- DUI — can you be charged below 0.08%? (WA)
- Yes, if alcohol or drugs affect your ability to drive safely.
- Marijuana / cannabis DUI limit (WA)
- 5 nanograms of active THC per milliliter of blood for drivers 21+ is per se DUI.
- Open container law (WA)
- It's illegal to have an open alcohol container in the passenger area of a vehicle.
- Speed and stopping distance
- Stopping distance grows faster than speed — doubling speed more than doubles the distance to stop.
- Reaction time
- The time between seeing a hazard and acting; it lengthens with fatigue, alcohol, and distraction.
- Anti-lock brakes (ABS) — how to use
- Press firmly and hold; the system pulses for you — don't pump ABS brakes.
- Brake failure response
- Pump the pedal, downshift, use the parking brake gently, and steer to a safe stop.
- Tire blowout response
- Hold the wheel firmly, ease off the gas, and slow gradually before pulling off the road.
- Headlights for daytime visibility
- Turning on low beams in glare, rain, or dust helps other drivers see you.
- Gap acceptance when turning across traffic
- Wait for a gap large enough to complete the turn without making others slow down.
- Why slow before a curve, not in it
- Brake before the curve and accelerate gently through it to keep traction.
- Road rage / aggressive driver behind you
- Stay calm, don't engage, let them pass, and avoid eye contact.
- Fatigue warning signs
- Drifting, heavy eyes, missed exits, and yawning — pull over and rest.
- Distracted-driving 'three types'
- Visual (eyes off road), manual (hands off wheel), and cognitive (mind off driving).
- Sun glare
- Use the visor and sunglasses, increase following distance, and slow down when blinded.
- Pull over to use a handheld phone (WA)
- Stop somewhere safe and out of traffic; you can't legally hold the phone while driving.
- Two-second vs. three-second rule
- Three seconds is the safer default in Washington; add more for poor conditions.
- Cover braking
- Easing your foot over the brake when you anticipate a hazard to cut reaction time.
- Space cushion
- Keeping open space on all sides of your vehicle so you always have an escape path.
- Best overall defensive-driving habit
- Look far ahead, keep a space cushion, and always pick the most cautious, lowest-risk option.