Are flashcards effective for the North Carolina real estate exam?

Yes. Flashcards use active recall — retrieving an answer from memory — which research shows is one of the most effective study methods, especially in short, spaced sessions. Because the North Carolina exam rewards instant recall of the license law, agency rules, disclosure forms, and math formulas, the cards make that knowledge automatic.

What topics do the North Carolina flashcards cover?

The North Carolina state portion — NCREC and G.S. 93A, the provisional broker / broker-in-charge ladder, the WWREA disclosure and dual agency, the RPOADS and Mineral & Oil/Gas disclosures, trust accounts, the Recovery Fund, excise tax, and attorney closings — plus the national content areas: property and legal descriptions, ownership and title, value and appraisal, contracts and agency, practice and fair housing, disclosures and environment, financing and settlement, and real estate math.

How should I study with these North Carolina flashcards?

Lead with the North Carolina license-law cards — NCREC, the provisional broker ladder, trust accounts, the Recovery Fund, the WWREA, and the RPOADS — because the state portion is distinctive and is where most candidates lose points. Then drill contracts and agency and the math formulas. Mix the modes: flip to learn, type to test recall, match for speed, and quiz to check yourself.

Are the North Carolina real estate flashcards free?

Yes — 100% free, all four study modes, no paywall.

Do these flashcards match the North Carolina real estate exam?

Yes. The cards are organized around both portions of the North Carolina broker exam — the North Carolina state-specific law and the national/general principles — so you study exactly what the test measures.

North Carolina's Real Estate License Law — the statute that creates the NC Real Estate Commission and governs the licensing and conduct of brokers.

North Carolina Real Estate Commission (NCREC)

The state agency (ncrec.gov) that licenses and disciplines real estate brokers under G.S. 93A and adopts the rules in 21 NCAC 58.

North Carolina's entry-level license — issued after passing the exam. There is NO 'salesperson' in NC. A provisional broker must be supervised by a broker-in-charge.

North Carolina license ladder

Provisional Broker → Broker → Broker-in-Charge (BIC). NC does not use a 'salesperson' license at all.

A North Carolina broker who has removed the provisional status by completing the 90-hour postlicensing program; may operate without BIC supervision.

Broker-in-charge (BIC)

The broker designated as responsible for supervising a real estate office — affiliated brokers, provisional brokers, trust accounts, and advertising. Every NC office must have one.

75-hour Broker Prelicensing Course

The NC education required before applying for an initial broker license and sitting for the licensing exam.

90-hour postlicensing program

Three 30-hour courses a NC provisional broker must complete (within 18 months of licensure) to remove provisional status and become a broker.

Postlicensing time limit

A NC provisional broker must complete all three 30-hour postlicensing courses within 18 months of initial licensure to keep the license active.

Missed postlicensing deadline

If a NC provisional broker does not finish the 90-hour postlicensing program on time, the license is placed on inactive status until the courses are completed.

NC continuing education (CE)

8 hours each license period to stay active: a 4-hour Commission Update course plus a 4-hour Commission-approved elective.

The mandatory 4-hour CE course — the General Update for brokers, or the BICUP (Broker-in-Charge Update) for brokers-in-charge.

The Broker-in-Charge Update Course — the 4-hour update a NC broker-in-charge takes instead of the General Update to satisfy CE and keep BIC status.

Continuing education must be completed by June 10 to renew on active status for the license year that begins July 1.

North Carolina licenses are renewed annually. The license year runs July 1 through June 30; renew by June 30 (renewal opens in mid-May).

Missed CE consequence

A NC broker who does not complete the required CE by the deadline cannot renew on active status — the license goes inactive until the deficient hours are made up.

A NC license that is current but on which the broker may NOT perform brokerage activity; reactivated by satisfying CE or postlicensing and applying to the Commission.

Title 21, Chapter 58 of the NC Administrative Code — the Commission's rules (58A, 58B, 58C) that implement G.S. Chapter 93A.

Working With Real Estate Agents Disclosure (WWREA)

The NC disclosure that explains the types of agency relationships available. It is informational — it does NOT itself create an agency relationship.

When to give the WWREA

At first substantial contact — when a consumer begins to share confidential information or the broker seeks it (Rule 21 NCAC 58A .0104(c)).

First substantial contact

The point at which a NC broker must provide the WWREA disclosure — when confidential information starts to be shared, before discussing the consumer's needs or motivation.

Oral buyer agency in NC

North Carolina uniquely permits buyer agency to begin orally if it is non-exclusive and unrestricted — but it must be put in writing no later than when an offer is presented.

When buyer agency must be written

A NC buyer agency agreement must be reduced to writing and signed no later than the time the broker prepares or presents an offer on the buyer's behalf.

When listing (seller) agency must be written

In NC, a listing/seller agency agreement must be in writing from its inception — express oral seller agency is not allowed.

Dual agency consent (NC)

A NC firm may act as a dual agent only with the express written authorization of every client, obtained before the dual agency arises.

Designated dual agency

A NC firm appoints one broker to represent the buyer and a different broker to represent the seller; each acts only for their own client.

Designated agency limit

A NC broker who received a party's confidential information cannot be designated to represent the other party in that transaction.

Confidential information in dual agency

A NC dual agent (or the firm) may not disclose one client's negotiating position — e.g., a seller's bottom-line price — to the other client.

North Carolina's Residential Property and Owners' Association Disclosure Statement — most residential sellers must deliver it, covering property condition and any HOA dues/obligations.

'No Representation' on the RPOADS

A NC seller may answer 'No Representation' for most property-condition items — but it does NOT relieve liability for fraud or willful concealment of a known material defect.

Failure to deliver the RPOADS

If the disclosure statement is not delivered before the buyer makes an offer, the NC buyer may cancel the contract within three calendar days (or by closing, whichever is first).

Mineral and Oil and Gas Rights Disclosure

A separate NC disclosure mandatory for most residential sellers since January 1, 2015 — discloses whether mineral, oil, or gas rights have been or will be severed.

Mineral/Oil/Gas 'No Representation' limit

On the NC Mineral and Oil and Gas disclosure, whether the SELLER personally severed the rights or intends to must be answered 'Yes' or 'No' — not 'No Representation.'

NC trust-money deposit deadline

Under Rule 21 NCAC 58A .0116, a broker must deposit trust money (e.g., earnest money) into a trust/escrow account no later than three banking days after receipt.

Whose money is earnest money?

Under NC rules, earnest money a broker holds belongs to the parties to the transaction (it is the owner's/clients' money) — never the broker's. It is held in trust.

Mixing trust money with the broker's own or business funds. A NC broker must keep client trust funds in a separate trust/escrow account and keep accurate records.

Disputed earnest money

A NC broker may not unilaterally release disputed trust money; the broker holds it and, if unresolved, may interplead the funds with the clerk of court for the court to decide.

Real Estate Education and Recovery Fund

Created by G.S. 93A-16, the NC fund reimburses consumers for direct monetary loss from certain wrongful acts of a licensed broker. North Carolina DOES have a recovery fund.

Recovery Fund per-transaction cap

The NC Recovery Fund pays no more than $50,000 per transaction, regardless of how many people are aggrieved.

Recovery Fund per-licensee cap

Under G.S. 93A-16, the NC fund pays no more than $25,000 in a calendar year and no more than $75,000 in the aggregate for any one licensee.

After the Recovery Fund pays

When the NC Recovery Fund pays a claim, the broker's license is automatically revoked and is not reinstated until the broker repays the fund plus interest.

NC excise (transfer) tax rate

Under G.S. 105-228.30, $1.00 on each $500 (or fraction) of the consideration conveyed. A $200,000 sale = $400 excise tax.

Who pays NC excise tax

The transferor (seller) pays the excise tax to the register of deeds before the deed is recorded (parties may agree otherwise by contract).

NC State Fair Housing Act

G.S. Chapter 41A — prohibits housing discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, national origin, handicap (disability), and familial status; enforced by the NC Human Relations Commission.

NC fair-housing protected classes

Race, color, religion, sex, national origin, handicap, and familial status — mirroring the federal Act. Marital status and source of income are NOT protected.

Your FREE NC Real Estate Flashcards 2026 – 200+ Cards

Realistic North Carolina real estate exam flashcards across both portions — NCREC license law, the provisional broker ladder, the WWREA and NC disclosure forms, agency, financing, and math. Flip, match, type, and quiz yourself.

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North Carolina Real Estate Exam Flashcards

G.S. Chapter 93A: North Carolina's Real Estate License Law — the statute that creates the NC Real Estate Commission and governs the licensing and conduct of brokers.
North Carolina Real Estate Commission (NCREC): The state agency (ncrec.gov) that licenses and disciplines real estate brokers under G.S. 93A and adopts the rules in 21 NCAC 58.
Provisional broker: North Carolina's entry-level license — issued after passing the exam. There is NO 'salesperson' in NC. A provisional broker must be supervised by a broker-in-charge.
North Carolina license ladder: Provisional Broker → Broker → Broker-in-Charge (BIC). NC does not use a 'salesperson' license at all.
Broker (full): A North Carolina broker who has removed the provisional status by completing the 90-hour postlicensing program; may operate without BIC supervision.
Broker-in-charge (BIC): The broker designated as responsible for supervising a real estate office — affiliated brokers, provisional brokers, trust accounts, and advertising. Every NC office must have one.
75-hour Broker Prelicensing Course: The NC education required before applying for an initial broker license and sitting for the licensing exam.
90-hour postlicensing program: Three 30-hour courses a NC provisional broker must complete (within 18 months of licensure) to remove provisional status and become a broker.
Postlicensing time limit: A NC provisional broker must complete all three 30-hour postlicensing courses within 18 months of initial licensure to keep the license active.
Missed postlicensing deadline: If a NC provisional broker does not finish the 90-hour postlicensing program on time, the license is placed on inactive status until the courses are completed.
NC continuing education (CE): 8 hours each license period to stay active: a 4-hour Commission Update course plus a 4-hour Commission-approved elective.
NC Update course: The mandatory 4-hour CE course — the General Update for brokers, or the BICUP (Broker-in-Charge Update) for brokers-in-charge.
BICUP: The Broker-in-Charge Update Course — the 4-hour update a NC broker-in-charge takes instead of the General Update to satisfy CE and keep BIC status.
NC CE deadline: Continuing education must be completed by June 10 to renew on active status for the license year that begins July 1.
NC license renewal: North Carolina licenses are renewed annually. The license year runs July 1 through June 30; renew by June 30 (renewal opens in mid-May).
Missed CE consequence: A NC broker who does not complete the required CE by the deadline cannot renew on active status — the license goes inactive until the deficient hours are made up.
Inactive status: A NC license that is current but on which the broker may NOT perform brokerage activity; reactivated by satisfying CE or postlicensing and applying to the Commission.
21 NCAC 58: Title 21, Chapter 58 of the NC Administrative Code — the Commission's rules (58A, 58B, 58C) that implement G.S. Chapter 93A.
Working With Real Estate Agents Disclosure (WWREA): The NC disclosure that explains the types of agency relationships available. It is informational — it does NOT itself create an agency relationship.
When to give the WWREA: At first substantial contact — when a consumer begins to share confidential information or the broker seeks it (Rule 21 NCAC 58A .0104(c)).
First substantial contact: The point at which a NC broker must provide the WWREA disclosure — when confidential information starts to be shared, before discussing the consumer's needs or motivation.
Oral buyer agency in NC: North Carolina uniquely permits buyer agency to begin orally if it is non-exclusive and unrestricted — but it must be put in writing no later than when an offer is presented.
When buyer agency must be written: A NC buyer agency agreement must be reduced to writing and signed no later than the time the broker prepares or presents an offer on the buyer's behalf.
When listing (seller) agency must be written: In NC, a listing/seller agency agreement must be in writing from its inception — express oral seller agency is not allowed.
Dual agency consent (NC): A NC firm may act as a dual agent only with the express written authorization of every client, obtained before the dual agency arises.
Designated dual agency: A NC firm appoints one broker to represent the buyer and a different broker to represent the seller; each acts only for their own client.
Designated agency limit: A NC broker who received a party's confidential information cannot be designated to represent the other party in that transaction.
Confidential information in dual agency: A NC dual agent (or the firm) may not disclose one client's negotiating position — e.g., a seller's bottom-line price — to the other client.
RPOADS: North Carolina's Residential Property and Owners' Association Disclosure Statement — most residential sellers must deliver it, covering property condition and any HOA dues/obligations.
'No Representation' on the RPOADS: A NC seller may answer 'No Representation' for most property-condition items — but it does NOT relieve liability for fraud or willful concealment of a known material defect.
Failure to deliver the RPOADS: If the disclosure statement is not delivered before the buyer makes an offer, the NC buyer may cancel the contract within three calendar days (or by closing, whichever is first).
Mineral and Oil and Gas Rights Disclosure: A separate NC disclosure mandatory for most residential sellers since January 1, 2015 — discloses whether mineral, oil, or gas rights have been or will be severed.
Mineral/Oil/Gas 'No Representation' limit: On the NC Mineral and Oil and Gas disclosure, whether the SELLER personally severed the rights or intends to must be answered 'Yes' or 'No' — not 'No Representation.'
NC trust-money deposit deadline: Under Rule 21 NCAC 58A .0116, a broker must deposit trust money (e.g., earnest money) into a trust/escrow account no later than three banking days after receipt.
Whose money is earnest money?: Under NC rules, earnest money a broker holds belongs to the parties to the transaction (it is the owner's/clients' money) — never the broker's. It is held in trust.
Commingling (NC): Mixing trust money with the broker's own or business funds. A NC broker must keep client trust funds in a separate trust/escrow account and keep accurate records.
Disputed earnest money: A NC broker may not unilaterally release disputed trust money; the broker holds it and, if unresolved, may interplead the funds with the clerk of court for the court to decide.
Real Estate Education and Recovery Fund: Created by G.S. 93A-16, the NC fund reimburses consumers for direct monetary loss from certain wrongful acts of a licensed broker. North Carolina DOES have a recovery fund.
Recovery Fund per-transaction cap: The NC Recovery Fund pays no more than $50,000 per transaction, regardless of how many people are aggrieved.
Recovery Fund per-licensee cap: Under G.S. 93A-16, the NC fund pays no more than $25,000 in a calendar year and no more than $75,000 in the aggregate for any one licensee.
After the Recovery Fund pays: When the NC Recovery Fund pays a claim, the broker's license is automatically revoked and is not reinstated until the broker repays the fund plus interest.
NC excise (transfer) tax rate: Under G.S. 105-228.30, $1.00 on each $500 (or fraction) of the consideration conveyed. A $200,000 sale = $400 excise tax.
Who pays NC excise tax: The transferor (seller) pays the excise tax to the register of deeds before the deed is recorded (parties may agree otherwise by contract).
NC State Fair Housing Act: G.S. Chapter 41A — prohibits housing discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, national origin, handicap (disability), and familial status; enforced by the NC Human Relations Commission.
NC fair-housing protected classes: Race, color, religion, sex, national origin, handicap, and familial status — mirroring the federal Act. Marital status and source of income are NOT protected.
Disciplinary powers of the NCREC: Under G.S. 93A the Commission may reprimand, suspend, or revoke a license after a hearing for violations such as misrepresentation, fraud, or commingling.
Provisional broker may not be a BIC: A NC provisional broker cannot operate independently and cannot be designated as a broker-in-charge — supervision by a BIC is required.
Advertising authority (NC): A NC broker may not advertise or list a property without the owner's authority, and the broker-in-charge is responsible for ensuring advertising is not misleading and identifies the firm.
License required (NC): A NC license is required to perform brokerage acts — listing, selling, leasing, or negotiating real estate for another for compensation.
License exemptions (NC): Owners selling their own property, attorneys handling a client's matter, and certain court-appointed persons are generally exempt from the NC license requirement.
Duty to disclose material facts (NC): A NC broker owes honesty and the duty to disclose known material facts to ALL parties — to the broker's own client and to customers (the other side).
Material fact a broker must disclose: A NC broker who knows of a material defect (e.g., a failed septic system) must disclose it to the buyer even when representing the seller — it cannot be concealed.
BIC eligibility: To qualify as a NC broker-in-charge, a broker generally needs at least 2 years of full-time (or part-time equivalent) brokerage experience and must complete the BIC course.
What an inactive NC broker may do: A broker on inactive status may not engage in any brokerage activity for compensation until the license is reactivated by completing CE and applying to the Commission.
Interpleader: A NC broker's remedy for a trust-money dispute — depositing the disputed funds with the clerk of court so a judge decides who is entitled to them.
Three banking days: The NC deadline to deposit trust money: a check received Friday (with no bank holidays) must be deposited by the following Wednesday.
Chapter 105 (NC): The North Carolina General Statutes chapter covering taxation — including the real estate excise tax (G.S. 105-228.30). It is NOT the License Law (that is Chapter 93A).
NCREC vs. NC Association of REALTORS®: The NCREC is the state regulator under G.S. 93A. NC REALTORS® is a private trade association — it does not license or discipline brokers.
Agency disclosure is not an agency agreement: Giving a consumer the WWREA disclosure does not create agency. A separate written (or, for buyers, initially oral) agreement creates the agency relationship.
Standard duties of a NC agent: Loyalty, obedience to lawful instructions, disclosure, confidentiality, accounting, and reasonable skill and care — owed to the broker's client (principal).
Trust account record-keeping (NC): A NC broker must keep records identifying each party's trust funds, reconcile the account monthly, and make records available to the Commission on request.
Conversion: Using a client's trust funds for the broker's own purposes — a serious NC License Law violation distinct from commingling.
Reactivating an inactive NC license: Complete the required CE (and any postlicensing), then file a reactivation request with the Commission; the broker cannot practice until the license is active.
License year (NC): July 1 through June 30. CE is due June 10 and renewal by June 30 to keep the license on active status for the new license year.
Septic/onsite wastewater disclosure: A material fact in NC: a known septic or onsite-wastewater problem must be disclosed; the RPOADS asks about the water and sewer/septic systems.
Real property: Land, everything permanently attached to it (improvements and fixtures), and the bundle of legal rights of ownership.
Personal property (chattel): Movable property not permanently attached to land; can become real property by becoming a fixture (annexation).
Bundle of rights: The rights of ownership: possession, use (enjoyment), exclusion, disposition (transfer), and control.
Fixture: Personal property attached to real property so it becomes part of it and transfers with the land. Tests: method of attachment, adaptation, agreement, relationship, and intent.
Fee simple absolute: The most complete estate — of unlimited duration and freely transferable by deed or will.
Life estate: An estate measured by someone's lifetime; the holder cannot will it, and it passes to a remainderman or reverts to the grantor at death.
Easement: A nonpossessory right to use another's land for a specific purpose, such as a driveway or utility line.
Easement appurtenant: An easement benefiting an adjacent parcel (the dominant tenement) and burdening another (the servient tenement); it runs with the land.
Encroachment: An unauthorized intrusion of an improvement (a fence, eave, or driveway) onto a neighbor's land; found by a survey.
Encumbrance: Any claim, lien, charge, or right that limits title — liens, easements, encroachments, and deed restrictions.
Police power: Government's authority to regulate land for public health, safety, and welfare — zoning and building codes — with no payment to the owner.
Eminent domain: Government's power to take private property for public use through condemnation, paying the owner just compensation.
Escheat: Property reverts to the state when an owner dies with no will and no legal heirs.
PETE: The four government powers over land: Police power, Eminent domain, Taxation, and Escheat. Only eminent domain pays the owner.
Metes and bounds: A legal description using distances (metes) and compass directions (bounds) traced from a point of beginning back to it — common in North Carolina.
Section: One square mile of land — 640 acres — and one thirty-sixth of a 6-mile-square township in the rectangular survey system.
Acre: A unit of land area equal to 43,560 square feet.
Lot-and-block: A legal description referencing a recorded subdivision plat by lot, block, and subdivision name — common for platted NC subdivisions.
Appurtenance: A right or improvement that belongs to and transfers with the land, such as an easement or water rights.
Littoral vs. riparian rights: Littoral rights belong to land bordering a lake/ocean; riparian rights belong to land along a flowing stream or river.
Severalty: Sole ownership by one person or entity — owned 'severed' from all others.
Tenancy in common: Co-ownership with an undivided, willable share and NO right of survivorship; the default form for unmarried co-owners.
Joint tenancy: Co-ownership with the right of survivorship; requires the four unities of time, title, interest, and possession.
Tenancy by the entirety: North Carolina's form of co-ownership for married couples — survivorship, and neither spouse can convey alone; protects against one spouse's individual creditors.
Right of survivorship: A deceased co-owner's share passes automatically to the surviving co-owners (joint tenancy, tenancy by the entirety) rather than by will.
General warranty deed: The deed giving the most protection; the grantor warrants clear title against all defects, even those arising before the grantor's ownership.
Special warranty deed: The grantor warrants title only against defects arising during the grantor's own ownership — less protection than a general warranty deed.
Quitclaim deed: Conveys only whatever interest the grantor has, with no warranties; often used to clear a cloud on title.
Delivery and acceptance: Title passes when the grantor delivers a valid deed and the grantee accepts it — not when it is recorded.
Recording (constructive notice): Recording a deed at the county register of deeds gives constructive notice to the public and establishes priority of interests.
Title insurance: A policy protecting the insured against loss from title defects that existed before the policy date, such as liens or recording errors.
Marketable title: Title free of reasonable doubt or serious defects, which a willing buyer would accept; established by a title search and protected by title insurance.
Register of deeds (NC): The county office where North Carolina deeds, deeds of trust, and plats are recorded; the excise tax is paid here before recording.
Intestate succession: Distribution of a deceased owner's property by state law when there is no valid will; governed in NC by the Intestate Succession Act.
Adverse possession: Acquiring title by open, notorious, hostile, continuous possession for the statutory period (20 years in NC, or 7 years under color of title).
Market value: The most probable price a property should bring in a competitive, open market under fair-sale conditions — an opinion of value.
Market value vs. price vs. cost: Value is an opinion of worth; price is the actual amount paid; cost is the dollars to build or acquire. They are not always equal.
Appraisal: An impartial, supported opinion of value prepared by a licensed appraiser as of a specific date, following USPAP.
CMA (comparative market analysis): A broker's estimate of value from recent comparable sales, used to help price a listing — not a formal appraisal.
Highest and best use: The legally permissible, physically possible, financially feasible, and most profitable use of a site — the basis of value.
Principle of substitution: A buyer will pay no more for a property than the cost of an equally desirable substitute — the basis of the sales comparison approach.
Sales comparison approach: Estimates value by comparing the subject to recently sold similar properties and adjusting for differences. Best for single-family homes.
Cost approach: Value = land value + cost to rebuild the improvements new − depreciation. Best for new or special-use property.
Income (capitalization) approach: Value $= \dfrac{\text{NOI}}{\text{cap rate}}$ . Best for income-producing property such as apartments.
Net operating income (NOI): Effective gross income minus operating expenses, before any mortgage payment; the income figure used in the income approach.
Capitalization rate: The rate of return on an income property: $\text{cap rate} = \dfrac{\text{NOI}}{\text{value}}$ . A higher cap rate implies more risk and lower value.
Reconciliation: Weighing the indications from the three appraisal approaches into one final opinion of value — judgment, not a simple average.
Depreciation (appraisal): Loss in value from physical deterioration, functional obsolescence, or external (economic) obsolescence.
Gross rent multiplier (GRM): A quick value estimate: $\text{GRM} = \dfrac{\text{price}}{\text{gross rent}}$ ; value = GRM × rent.
Anticipation: The appraisal principle that value is created by the expectation of future benefits from owning the property.
Valid contract: Needs offer and acceptance (mutual assent), consideration, legal purpose, and competent parties — and, for real estate, a writing.
Statute of frauds: Requires contracts for the sale of real estate (and most leases over a year) to be in writing to be enforceable.
Void vs. voidable: Void = missing an essential element, no legal effect; voidable = valid until a party with the right (e.g., a minor) chooses to rescind.
Bilateral vs. unilateral contract: Bilateral = a promise for a promise (a purchase contract); unilateral = a promise for an act (an open listing or option).
Earnest money: A buyer's good-faith deposit showing serious intent; held in trust and usually applied to the price at closing.
Due diligence fee (NC): Under the standard NC Offer to Purchase and Contract, a negotiated non-refundable fee paid directly to the seller for the buyer's right to investigate the property during the due diligence period.
Due diligence period (NC): The negotiated time in the NC contract during which the buyer may inspect, appraise, and obtain financing and may terminate for any reason; expires at 5:00 p.m. on the agreed date.
Contingency: A condition that must be met for a contract to proceed, such as a financing, inspection, or appraisal contingency.
Specific performance: A court order forcing a defaulting party to complete the sale — available because each parcel of land is considered unique.
Liquidated damages: An agreed amount (often the earnest money) the seller keeps if the buyer defaults, in place of suing for actual damages.
Listing agreement: A contract employing a broker to find a buyer for the owner's property in exchange for compensation; in NC it must be in writing.
Exclusive right-to-sell listing: The listing broker earns the commission no matter who finds the buyer — the most protective listing for the broker.
Exclusive agency listing: The broker earns a commission unless the owner personally finds the buyer without the broker's help.
Open listing: Only the broker who actually produces the buyer earns the commission; the owner may use several brokers.
Agency: A fiduciary relationship in which an agent represents a principal in dealings with third parties.
Fiduciary duties (OLD CAR): Obedience, Loyalty, Disclosure, Confidentiality, Accounting, and Reasonable care — the duties an agent owes the principal.
Confidentiality survives the agency: An agent must keep the principal's confidential information private even after the agency relationship ends.
Customer vs. client: A client is the principal the broker represents (full fiduciary duties); a customer is the other party, owed honesty and disclosure of material facts.
Procuring cause: The broker whose efforts directly result in the sale — relevant to who earns a commission under an open listing.
Counteroffer: A response that changes the terms of an offer; it rejects the original offer and creates a new one the original offeror may accept or reject.
Option contract: A contract giving the buyer the right, but not the obligation, to buy within a set time for a set price, in exchange for option consideration.
Novation: Substituting a new contract or a new party for an old one, with the consent of all parties, discharging the original obligation.
Fair Housing Act (1968): The federal law banning housing discrimination based on race, color, religion, national origin, sex, familial status, and disability.
Federal protected classes: Race, color, religion, national origin, sex, familial status, and disability — seven classes under the federal Fair Housing Act.
Steering: Illegally guiding buyers toward or away from neighborhoods based on a protected class — a fair-housing violation.
Blockbusting: Inducing owners to sell by claiming people of a protected class are moving into the area — a fair-housing violation.
Redlining: A lender refusing to make or insure loans in an area based on its racial or ethnic composition — a fair-housing violation.
Reasonable accommodation: A change in rules or services a housing provider must allow so a person with a disability can use housing — e.g., permitting a service animal.
Property management: Operating real estate for an owner — leasing, collecting rent, maintenance, and accounting; in NC it is brokerage requiring a license.
Lease (landlord/tenant): A contract conveying the right to use property for a term in exchange for rent. Landlord = lessor; tenant = lessee.
Estate for years: A lease for a definite period with a fixed start and end; it does not automatically renew.
NC Tenant Security Deposit Act: Limits residential security deposits (e.g., up to two months' rent for month-to-month) and requires deposits be held in a trust account or bonded.
Antitrust — price fixing: Commission rates are always negotiable; brokers fixing rates with competitors is an illegal antitrust violation.
Group boycott: An antitrust violation where competitors agree to refuse to deal with a particular broker or company.
Trust (escrow) account: A separate bank account where a NC broker holds clients' money (earnest money, rents, deposits) apart from the broker's own funds.
Net listing: The broker keeps any amount above the seller's set price; discouraged or prohibited because of the conflict of interest.
Puffing vs. misrepresentation: Puffing is non-factual sales opinion ('best view in town'); stating a false fact about the property is misrepresentation and may be actionable.
Material fact: A fact that would affect a reasonable buyer's decision or price; in NC it must be disclosed even if the buyer does not ask.
Latent defect: A hidden physical defect not discoverable by ordinary inspection; a known latent defect must be disclosed.
Patent defect: An obvious defect a buyer can discover by reasonable inspection — visible damage or an obvious code issue.
Caveat emptor: 'Let the buyer beware' — the old rule, now sharply limited in NC by the duty to disclose known material facts and the RPOADS.
Lead-based paint disclosure: For housing built before 1978, the seller must disclose known lead paint, give the EPA pamphlet, and allow a 10-day inspection window for sales.
Radon: An odorless, radioactive gas from soil that can accumulate indoors; testing and mitigation may be disclosed and addressed.
Asbestos: A hazardous material once used in insulation and flooring; managed by removal or encapsulation to control fibers.
Mold: Grows in damp areas and can be a health and disclosure issue; remediation addresses the moisture source.
Underground storage tank (UST): A buried tank that can leak and contaminate soil and groundwater, creating cleanup liability for the owner.
Stigmatized property: Property psychologically affected by an event (e.g., a prior death). In NC, certain facts like a prior occupant's natural death or disease are not material facts requiring disclosure.
Wetlands / floodplain disclosure: Whether property lies in a flood hazard area or wetlands affects use and insurance and is treated as a material fact for NC buyers.
Megan's Law (sex-offender registry): Public registries let buyers research sex offenders; brokers typically refer buyers to the registry rather than represent who lives nearby.
Synthetic stucco (EIFS): An exterior cladding linked to moisture intrusion in some homes; a known EIFS problem can be a material fact to disclose.
Square footage measurement: NC brokers must measure and report heated living area accurately following the Commission's residential square-footage guidelines; errors can be misrepresentation.
Deed of trust (NC): North Carolina's standard security instrument: title is conveyed to a neutral trustee who holds it until the loan is repaid, enabling a power-of-sale foreclosure.
Promissory note: The borrower's written promise to repay the loan; the deed of trust is the security for that note.
Power-of-sale foreclosure (NC): North Carolina's common foreclosure: the trustee sells the property after a hearing before the clerk of court — faster than a full judicial foreclosure.
Equity of redemption: A borrower's right to pay the debt and reclaim the property before the foreclosure sale is final.
Loan-to-value ratio (LTV): The loan amount divided by the property's value or price; a higher LTV means a smaller down payment and more lender risk.
Private mortgage insurance (PMI): Insurance a borrower pays on a conventional loan when the LTV exceeds 80%, protecting the lender against default.
Conventional loan: A loan not insured or guaranteed by the government; PMI is usually required when the LTV is above 80%.
FHA loan: A loan insured by the Federal Housing Administration, allowing a lower down payment, with a mortgage insurance premium.
VA loan: A loan guaranteed by the Department of Veterans Affairs for eligible veterans, often with no down payment.
RESPA: The Real Estate Settlement Procedures Act — requires loan-cost disclosures (Loan Estimate, Closing Disclosure) and prohibits kickbacks at closing.
TILA: The Truth in Lending Act — requires lenders to disclose the cost of credit, including the annual percentage rate (APR).
Loan Estimate / Closing Disclosure: The Loan Estimate is due within 3 business days of application; the Closing Disclosure must reach the borrower at least 3 business days before closing.
Attorney-supervised closing (NC): North Carolina requires the practice of law (a licensed attorney) to handle real estate closings — title work and settlement are conducted under an attorney's supervision.
Discount points: Prepaid interest paid at closing to lower the loan's interest rate; one point equals 1% of the loan amount.
Excise tax at closing (NC): Paid by the seller to the register of deeds before recording — $1.00 per $500 of the price under G.S. 105-228.30.
Area of a rectangle: Area = length × width. Convert square feet to acres by dividing by 43,560.
Commission formula: Commission = sale price × commission rate. A 6% commission on a $300,000 sale is $18,000.
Price for a target seller net: Price = net ÷ (1 − commission rate). To net $282,000 after a 6% commission: $\$282{,}000 \div 0.94 = \$300{,}000$ .
Loan-to-value calculation: LTV = loan ÷ value. An 80% LTV on a $300,000 home is a $0.80 \times \$300{,}000 = \$240{,}000$ loan.
Value (income approach) math: Value = NOI ÷ cap rate. A $90,000 NOI at a 9% cap rate: $\$90{,}000 \div 0.09 = \$1{,}000{,}000$ .
NC excise tax calculation: $1.00 per $500 (or fraction). A $200,000 sale: $\$200{,}000 \div \$500 = 400$ , so $400 \times \$1 = \$400$ .
Annual property tax: Tax = assessed value × tax rate. NC counties often quote a rate per $100 of value: tax = (assessed value ÷ 100) × rate.
Tax proration: Split prepaid or accrued taxes by the days each party owns the property. Daily tax = annual tax ÷ 365; multiply by the owner's days.
Proration example: Annual tax $4,380 ÷ 365 = $12/day. For 120 unpaid days the seller is debited $120 \times \$12 = \$1{,}440$ .
Acre conversion: 1 acre = 43,560 square feet. To find acres, divide total square feet by 43,560.
Linear measure: 1 mile = 5,280 feet; 1 yard = 3 feet. Memorize these — they are not provided at the test center.
Section and township: 1 section = 640 acres = 1 square mile; 1 township = 36 sections = 6 miles square.
Percentage problems: Use part = total × rate. Rearrange to total = part ÷ rate or rate = part ÷ total for net, commission, and tax questions.
Profit / appreciation: Percent change = (new − old) ÷ old. A home bought at $200,000 and sold at $230,000 gained $\$30{,}000 \div \$200{,}000 = 15\%$ .
Mortgage interest (simple): Annual interest = loan balance × interest rate. Monthly interest = annual ÷ 12.
Down payment: Down payment = price − loan = price × (1 − LTV). A 20% down payment on $300,000 is $60,000.
Square footage of a home: Add the heated areas room by room (length × width) and total them; report heated living area per NCREC guidelines.
Cap rate from NOI and price: Cap rate = NOI ÷ price. A $1,000,000 building with $90,000 NOI has a $\$90{,}000 \div \$1{,}000{,}000 = 9\%$ cap rate.
Seller proceeds: Net to seller = sale price − commission − payoff − seller-paid costs (including the NC excise tax) ± prorations.

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By Career EmployerUpdated Sep 12, 2026

200+ free North Carolina Real Estate Exam flashcards — 4 ways to study

North Carolina Real Estate Exam Flashcard of the DayNew daily

The classic card. Do you know this one?

Click Study Flashcards above to open the flashcard hub — 200 North Carolina real estate cards you can flip, match, type, or quiz yourself on. Every card is drawn from the North Carolina broker exam’s two portions, so you study exactly what the test measures.^[1] Pair them with our free practice test and study guide.

North Carolina Real Estate Flashcard Study Modes

Flip mode lets you work a front such as Interpleader at your own pace and check the back when ready. Type mode reverses that: read the definition and spell the term, which is how a front like Procuring cause finally sticks. Match is a timed term-to-definition game for short bursts, and Quiz turns the same 200 cards into multiple choice.

Free North Carolina real estate exam flashcards from Career Employer — active recall for the NCREC broker licensing exam

Why Flashcards Work for the North Carolina Real Estate Exam

North Carolina License Law & Practice is the largest block at 65 cards, so it sets the tone for the whole deck. The fronts drill acronyms, agency duties, and Commission procedure, with BICUP and RPOADS sitting beside 21 NCAC 58, Conversion, Broker (full), and Inactive status, plus the NC CE deadline you need to recall on demand.

Contracts & Agency adds 22 cards on formation, termination, and representation language, including Novation, Procuring cause, and Open listing, along with everyday terms like Earnest money. Real Property, Legal Descriptions & Use brings 20 more covering rights, measures, and limits on land, where PETE, Escheat, and Life estate show up next to Encumbrance.

Real Estate Math holds 19 cards that turn setups into recall rather than arithmetic, so Commission formula, Tax proration, and Acre conversion tell you how to arrange the numbers before you calculate. Ownership, Transfer & Recording of Title covers 15 cards on how title moves and is proved, including Severalty, Quitclaim deed, and Adverse possession.

Property Value & Appraisal is 15 cards on how value is estimated and supported, with Capitalization rate, Highest and best use, and Reconciliation among the fronts. Real Estate Practice is another 15 on fair housing and brokerage conduct, where Steering, Blockbusting, and Trust (escrow) account are the kind of terms that get tested by definition.

Financing & Settlement contributes 15 cards on loan products and closing rules, such as RESPA, Deed of trust (NC), and Discount points. Property Disclosures & Environmental Issues closes things out with 14 cards on what must be revealed and what can affect a property, including Radon, Material fact, and Latent defect.

The North Carolina exam rewards instant recall of the License Law and Commission rules, the agency and disclosure rules, and math formulas.^[1] Spaced flashcards are the most efficient way to make that knowledge automatic. Used alongside our practice test and study guide, they turn review time into measurable progress.

North Carolina Real Estate Flashcards by Content Area

The cards cover both portions of the exam. Drill the North Carolina state law first — it is distinctive and is where most candidates lose points — then lock in the national content areas:^[3]

North Carolina real estate flashcards by content area
Content area	What the cards cover
NC License Law & Practice	NCREC, G.S. 93A, 21 NCAC 58, the provisional broker ladder, BIC, trust accounts, Recovery Fund, WWREA, RPOADS, Mineral/Oil/Gas, excise tax
Property, Legal Descriptions & Use	Estates, fixtures, easements, government powers, legal descriptions
Ownership, Transfer & Recording	Co-ownership, tenancy by the entirety, deeds, recording, title insurance
Property Value & Appraisal	Value principles, the three approaches, CMA vs. appraisal
Contracts & Agency	Contract law, the NC Offer to Purchase, due diligence, listings, fiduciary duties, dual agency
Real Estate Practice	Fair housing, trust funds, leases and management
Disclosures & Environmental	Material facts, latent defects, lead paint, radon, asbestos
Financing & Settlement	Notes, deeds of trust, power-of-sale foreclosure, attorney closing, RESPA, TILA
Real Estate Math	Commission, LTV, taxes, the NC excise tax, proration, area

How to Get the Most Out of These Flashcards

Start with license law. North Carolina License Law & Practice is the biggest domain at 65 cards, and its rules and acronyms carry the most weight in daily practice questions.
Type-drill the acronyms. Fronts like BICUP and RPOADS collapse into vague guesses under pressure, so spelling each element out in Type mode is the fastest way to lock them down.
Use Match for look-alike vocabulary. Fair housing and conduct terms from Real Estate Practice, such as Steering and Blockbusting, separate quickly when you pair them against definitions under a clock.
Move to the practice test when Quiz holds up. Once your Quiz results stay steady across license law, contracts, and math, switch to the practice test and use the study guide for gaps.
Keep the cadence small. With 200 cards, pair one large domain with one short one per session, then re-Flip yesterday’s misses before starting anything new.

North Carolina Real Estate Flashcards FAQ

Two hundred free North Carolina real estate exam flashcards, weighted toward North Carolina license law (NCREC, G.S. 93A, the provisional broker ladder, the WWREA disclosure, trust accounts, the Recovery Fund, the RPOADS and Mineral/Oil/Gas disclosures, and excise tax) and covering all of the national content areas too. They're free with no account required.

References

1.North Carolina Real Estate Commission. “How to Become a Broker.” NCREC (ncrec.gov). ↑
2.North Carolina General Assembly. “G.S. Chapter 93A — Real Estate License Law.” ncleg.gov. ↑
3.North Carolina Real Estate Commission. “License Examination (Content Outline).” NCREC (ncrec.gov). ↑

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