- Octagon (8-sided) sign
- Always a STOP sign — come to a complete stop. The only sign with this 8-sided shape.
- Downward triangle, red & white
- YIELD sign — slow down and give the right-of-way; stop if necessary.
- Yellow diamond sign
- General warning — a curve, hill, intersection, or other hazard is ahead.
- Orange diamond or rectangle sign
- Construction or maintenance work zone ahead. In a posted NC work zone, speeding carries an extra fine.
- Pentagon (5-sided) sign
- School zone or school crossing ahead — watch for children.
- Pennant-shaped sign (horizontal triangle)
- No-passing zone — posted on the left side of the road.
- Round sign with 'RR'
- Railroad crossing ahead — be ready to stop for a train.
- White rectangular sign
- Regulatory sign — tells you a law, such as the speed limit, one-way, or lane use.
- Red on a traffic sign
- Stop or prohibition — STOP, YIELD, DO NOT ENTER, WRONG WAY, and 'no' signs.
- Yellow on a traffic sign
- General warning of a hazard ahead.
- Orange on a traffic sign
- Construction and maintenance work-zone warnings.
- Green on a traffic sign
- Guide signs — directions, distances, and destinations.
- Blue on a traffic sign
- Motorist services — food, gas, lodging, hospitals, rest areas.
- Brown on a traffic sign
- Recreation and cultural points of interest — parks, trails, historic sites.
- Steady red light
- Stop and stay stopped until green. A right turn on red is allowed after stopping unless a sign prohibits it.
- Steady yellow light
- The signal is about to turn red — stop if you can do so safely.
- Steady green light
- Go if the intersection is clear; yield to pedestrians and vehicles still in the intersection.
- Flashing red light
- Treat it exactly like a STOP sign — stop, yield, then proceed when safe.
- Flashing yellow light
- Caution — slow down and proceed carefully through the intersection.
- Red arrow signal
- No turn in that direction until the red arrow turns green.
- Green arrow signal
- You may proceed in the direction of the arrow; the protected movement is clear.
- Dark (unlit) traffic signal
- Treat the intersection as a four-way stop — every direction stops and takes turns.
- Solid yellow line on your side
- No passing — do not cross it to pass.
- Broken (dashed) yellow line
- Passing is allowed when it is safe to do so.
- Double solid yellow lines
- No passing in either direction.
- Solid white line
- Discourages lane changes — stay in your lane.
- Broken white line
- Lane change is allowed when it is safe.
- Yellow center two-way left-turn lane
- A shared lane in the middle used only for left turns, from either direction.
- Yellow lines (general meaning)
- Separate traffic moving in OPPOSITE directions.
- White lines (general meaning)
- Separate traffic moving in the SAME direction.
- Stop line at an intersection
- A solid white line where you must stop — stop before it, not on or past it.
- Crosswalk markings
- Mark where pedestrians cross; you must yield and stop for pedestrians in them.
- DO NOT ENTER sign
- A red and white sign meaning you may not enter — usually a one-way street or ramp the wrong way.
- WRONG WAY sign
- A red and white sign meaning you are traveling against traffic — turn around when safe.
- Speed limit sign
- A white rectangular regulatory sign showing the maximum legal speed for that road.
- Minimum speed sign
- A regulatory sign setting the lowest legal speed, often on Interstates.
- Slow-moving vehicle emblem
- An orange-and-red triangle on the rear of a vehicle traveling under 25 mph.
- Diamond (HOV) lane marking
- A white diamond marks a high-occupancy-vehicle or reserved lane.
- Shared bicycle lane (sharrow)
- A pavement marking showing bicycles and cars share the lane.
- Railroad crossbuck sign
- The white X-shaped 'RAILROAD CROSSING' sign — yield to any approaching train.
- Flashing lights at a railroad crossing
- A train is approaching — stop and stay stopped until the lights stop and the gate rises.
- Round yellow railroad advance-warning sign
- Warns that a railroad crossing is ahead — be prepared to stop.
- Regulatory vs. warning signs
- Regulatory signs (white) state a law; warning signs (yellow/orange) alert you to a hazard.
- ONE WAY sign
- Traffic moves in only the direction the arrow points.
- Curve / turn warning sign
- A yellow sign warning the road bends ahead — slow before the curve.
- Merge warning sign
- A yellow sign warning that another roadway joins yours — adjust speed and position to merge safely.
- Divided highway sign
- Warns the road becomes divided by a median ahead — keep right.
- Pedestrian crossing sign
- A yellow or fluorescent-green warning that pedestrians may be crossing ahead.
- No U-turn sign
- A regulatory sign prohibiting a U-turn at that location.
- Yield vs. stop
- STOP means a full stop every time; YIELD means slow and give way, stopping only if needed.
- Lane-use control arrows
- Pavement arrows or overhead signs showing which movements each lane allows.
- White edge line
- Marks the right edge of the travel lane — stay to its left.
- HANDICAP / accessible parking sign
- A blue sign reserving parking for vehicles displaying a disability placard or plate.
- School-bus stop-ahead sign
- Warns that a school bus stop is ahead — be ready to stop for loading children.
- No-passing zone (overall)
- Marked by a solid yellow line on your side and/or a pennant sign — do not pass.
- NC default speed inside city limits
- 35 mph unless a different limit is posted (N.C.G.S. § 20-141(b)).
- NC default speed outside city limits
- 55 mph on rural roads unless a different limit is posted.
- NC maximum Interstate speed
- Up to 70 mph where NCDOT posts it on Interstate or controlled-access highways.
- NC basic speed law
- You must always drive at a speed that is reasonable and safe for conditions, even below the posted limit.
- School-zone speed
- Obey the posted reduced limit during posted hours; speeding there is 3 DMV points.
- Right turn on red in NC
- Allowed after a complete stop and yielding, unless a 'No Turn on Red' sign is posted.
- Left turn on red in NC
- Allowed from a one-way street onto another one-way street, after a complete stop, unless prohibited.
- Four-way stop rule
- The first vehicle to stop goes first; if two arrive together, the driver on the LEFT yields to the one on the RIGHT.
- Left turn at an intersection
- A driver turning left yields to oncoming traffic going straight.
- Entering from a driveway or alley
- Yield to all traffic already on the road and to pedestrians on the sidewalk.
- Roundabout right-of-way
- Yield to traffic already circulating inside the roundabout, then enter to the right at a safe gap.
- Uncontrolled T-intersection
- Traffic on the road that ends yields to traffic on the through road.
- Pedestrian in a crosswalk
- All drivers must yield and stop; never pass a vehicle stopped for a pedestrian.
- Emergency vehicle approaching
- Pull to the right edge of the road, clear of intersections, and stop until it passes.
- Right-of-way (key idea)
- Right-of-way is something you GIVE, not take — when in doubt, yield.
- NC Level 1 Limited Learner Permit age
- Available at age 15 (after a driver education course).
- Level 1 supervising-driver rule
- A supervising driver licensed at least 5 years must sit beside the permit holder in the front seat.
- Level 1 first-6-months hours
- Drive only 5 a.m. to 9 p.m. with a supervising driver; after 6 months, any time with supervision.
- Level 1 hold time before Level 2
- Hold the Level 1 permit at least 9 months with a clean record before advancing.
- NC Level 2 Limited Provisional age
- Available at age 16, after meeting the Level 1 requirements.
- Level 2 unsupervised driving hours
- 5 a.m. to 9 p.m. only, except driving to/from work or volunteer fire/rescue/EMS.
- Level 2 passenger limit
- Unsupervised, no more than ONE passenger under 21 who is not immediate family/household.
- Level 2 hold time before Level 3
- Hold Level 2 at least 6 months with no moving or seat-belt/phone violation in the prior 6 months.
- NC Level 3 Full Provisional License
- A full, unrestricted license for drivers under 18 who complete the Level 2 requirements.
- NC Graduated Driver License (GDL)
- Three levels — Level 1 permit → Level 2 provisional → Level 3 full provisional — that phase teens into full driving.
- NC standard adult license class
- Class C — the regular driver license for most passenger vehicles.
- Driver education requirement
- North Carolina teens must complete an approved driver education course before a Level 1 permit.
- Passing on the right
- Allowed only in limited cases (e.g., a vehicle turning left), and never by leaving the paved roadway.
- Passing a vehicle
- Pass only where markings allow, when the way is clear, and return when you can see the passed vehicle in your mirror.
- Following too closely (tailgating)
- Illegal and dangerous — it carries 4 DMV points in North Carolina.
- Signaling a turn
- Signal continuously well before turning or changing lanes so others can react.
- U-turn rules
- Make a U-turn only where it is legal, safe, and not prohibited by a sign.
- Merging onto a highway
- Match the speed of traffic on the on-ramp and merge into a safe gap; do not stop on the ramp unless forced.
- Lane for normal driving
- On a multi-lane road, drive in the right lane and use the left lane mainly for passing.
- Stopping for a stopped school bus
- Required when its red lights flash and stop arm is out — see the sharing-the-road area for who must stop.
- Stop sign requirement
- Come to a complete stop at the stop line or before the crosswalk/intersection, then yield before proceeding.
- Yield sign requirement
- Slow down, prepare to stop, and give the right-of-way to traffic and pedestrians.
- Three-point turn
- A way to reverse direction on a narrow road using forward and reverse — only when legal and safe.
- Parking on a hill (uphill, curb)
- Turn wheels away from the curb so the vehicle rolls into it if it moves.
- Parking on a hill (downhill)
- Turn wheels toward the curb so the vehicle rolls into it if it moves.
- No-parking areas
- Never park in front of a fire hydrant, in a crosswalk, on a sidewalk, or where signs prohibit it.
- Backing up safely
- Check behind the vehicle, back slowly, and avoid backing into traffic or across an intersection.
- Right-of-way at a yield sign
- You must give way to traffic on the road you are entering or crossing.
- Funeral procession
- Yield to a funeral procession; do not cut into or interrupt it.
- School-bus point penalty
- Passing a stopped school bus is the highest common penalty — 5 DMV points.
- Open container / move-over for police
- Move over for stopped law enforcement; an open container of alcohol in the passenger area is illegal.
- Roundabout and large trucks
- Give trucks room — never pass or change lanes next to a large truck inside a roundabout.
- Turning from the correct lane
- Turn from the lane closest to the direction you are turning and into the corresponding lane.
- HOV lane use
- Use a high-occupancy-vehicle lane only with the required number of occupants during posted hours.
- When two roads of equal status meet
- Yield to the vehicle on your right if you arrive at the same time with no signs or signals.
- Crossing a railroad track
- Never stop on the tracks; cross only when there is room on the other side for your whole vehicle.
- Speeding fine in a work zone
- Speeding in a posted NC work zone adds a monetary penalty on top of the normal fine.
- Pedestrians at intersections
- Yield to pedestrians crossing with the signal or in a marked or unmarked crosswalk.
- Bicyclists' road rights
- Bicyclists have the right to use the road; pass them at a safe distance and treat them as vehicles.
- Speed and stopping distance
- Higher speed sharply increases stopping distance — slow down for rain, curves, and reduced visibility.
- NC legal BAC limit (21+)
- 0.08% — driving at or above this is impaired driving (DWI) under N.C.G.S. § 20-138.1.
- NC commercial BAC limit
- 0.04% for a commercial motor vehicle (N.C.G.S. § 20-138.2).
- NC under-21 BAC limit
- Zero tolerance — any detectable amount is illegal (N.C.G.S. § 20-138.3).
- DWI (North Carolina)
- Driving While Impaired — driving with a BAC at/over the limit, or while appreciably impaired by alcohol or drugs.
- Appreciable impairment
- You can be convicted of DWI even below 0.08% if alcohol or drugs noticeably impair your driving.
- NC DWI sentencing scale
- Five levels — Level 5 (least serious) through Level 1 and Aggravated Level 1 (most serious).
- DWI Level 5
- Least serious tier: 24 hours to 60 days in jail; fine up to $200.
- DWI Level 1 / Aggravated Level 1
- Most serious tiers, for grossly aggravating factors: up to 24 or 36 months in jail and the highest fines.
- Grossly aggravating factor
- A serious factor (such as a child in the car or a prior DWI) that raises the DWI sentencing level.
- Implied consent (NC)
- By driving in NC you agree to a breath or blood test if lawfully arrested for DWI (N.C.G.S. § 20-16.2).
- Refusing a chemical test
- Willful refusal causes an automatic 12-month NCDMV license revocation, separate from the DWI case.
- NC DMV points for suspension
- Accumulating 12 driver-license points within 3 years can suspend your license (N.C.G.S. § 20-16).
- First point-system suspension
- Typically 60 days for a first suspension, 6 months for a second, 1 year for a third.
- Reckless driving points
- 4 DMV points in North Carolina.
- Following too closely points
- 4 DMV points — the same as reckless driving.
- Passing a stopped school bus points
- 5 DMV points — the highest of the common moving violations.
- Running a stop sign / red light points
- 3 DMV points in North Carolina.
- Speeding in a school zone points
- 3 DMV points.
- DMV points vs. insurance points
- DMV points decide suspension; insurance (SDIP) points decide premium increases — they are separate numbers.
- Safe Driver Incentive Plan (SDIP)
- North Carolina's insurance point system that raises premiums based on at-fault accidents and convictions.
- NC texting-while-driving law
- All drivers are banned from reading or sending texts/email while the vehicle is in motion (§ 20-137.4A).
- NC under-18 cell-phone ban
- Drivers under 18 may not use a phone for any purpose while driving, except an emergency call (§ 20-137.3).
- Three-second following rule
- Stay at least 3 seconds behind the vehicle ahead; add time in rain, fog, or behind a motorcycle.
- Increasing following distance
- Add seconds in rain, fog, at night, on slick roads, or when following a motorcycle or large truck.
- Headlights from sunset to sunrise
- NC requires lighted headlamps from sunset to sunrise (N.C.G.S. § 20-129).
- Wipers-on, lights-on rule
- Turn on headlights whenever your wipers are in continuous use due to rain, sleet, snow, or fog.
- Headlights below 400 feet visibility
- Use headlights any time you cannot clearly see a person or vehicle 400 feet ahead.
- Low beams in fog/rain
- Use low beams in fog, rain, or snow — high beams reflect back and reduce your visibility.
- Dimming high beams
- Dim high beams within 500 feet of an oncoming vehicle and 200 feet behind another vehicle.
- Seat belt law (Click It or Ticket)
- Every occupant in every seat must be belted; for front-seat occupants it is a primary offense (§ 20-135.2A).
- Child restraint until 8 or 80
- Children under 8 AND under 80 pounds must be in a weight-appropriate car seat or booster (§ 20-137.1).
- Child under 5 and under 40 lb
- Must ride in the rear seat if the vehicle has a front passenger air bag and a back seat.
- Defensive driving (core idea)
- Anticipate hazards, keep space around your car, and always have an escape path.
- Scanning the road
- Look 10–15 seconds ahead, check mirrors every few seconds, and watch for hazards at intersections.
- Blind-spot checks
- Glance over your shoulder before changing lanes — mirrors alone do not show blind spots.
- Hydroplaning
- On wet roads at speed, tires can ride on water — ease off the gas and steer straight; don't brake hard.
- Driving in fog
- Slow down, use low beams, increase following distance, and pull off safely if you can't see.
- Night driving
- Reduce speed so you can stop within your headlight range, and avoid looking into oncoming lights.
- Fatigue and driving
- Drowsy driving impairs you like alcohol — pull over and rest; don't rely on coffee or open windows.
- Skid recovery
- Ease off the gas, steer in the direction you want to go, and avoid slamming the brakes.
- Brake failure response
- Pump the brakes, downshift, use the parking brake gradually, and steer to a safe stop.
- Tire blowout response
- Hold the wheel firmly, ease off the gas, and brake gently after the car is under control.
- Two-second/three-second rule purpose
- Following distance gives you time to perceive a hazard and brake safely — the core of defensive driving.
- Speed and crash severity
- Both the chance and the severity of a crash rise sharply with speed — slow for conditions.
- Distracted driving (NC view)
- Texting, phone use, and other distractions are leading crash causes; NC bans texting for all drivers.
- Aggressive driving
- Tailgating, weaving, and speeding raise crash risk; stay calm and give aggressive drivers space.
- Stopping distance components
- Total stopping distance = perception + reaction + braking distance, all of which grow with speed.
- Drugs and driving
- Driving impaired by any drug — illegal, prescription, or over-the-counter — can be a DWI in NC.
- Air bags and seating
- Air bags supplement seat belts; small children should ride in the back, away from front air bags.
- Maintaining your vehicle
- Working brakes, lights, tires, and signals are required — a defect can cause a crash or a citation.
- NC Move Over law
- Move one lane away from a stopped emergency/utility/NCDOT vehicle with flashing lights, or slow down considerably (§ 20-157).
- Move Over law coverage
- Police, fire, ambulance, tow trucks, and NCDOT maintenance and utility vehicles displaying flashing lights.
- Emergency vehicle from any direction
- Pull to the right edge of the road, clear of intersections, and stop until it passes.
- School bus on a two-lane road
- Traffic in BOTH directions must stop when red lights flash and the stop arm is out (§ 20-217).
- School bus on a divided highway (4+ lanes)
- Only traffic moving the SAME direction as the bus must stop; oncoming traffic may proceed with caution.
- Painted center line vs. median
- A painted center line is NOT a median — you must still stop for a school bus in both directions.
- Passing a stopped school bus
- Illegal and dangerous — it carries 5 DMV points and protects children crossing the road.
- When the bus lights stop flashing
- You may proceed once the red lights stop and the stop arm folds back in and the bus moves.
- Sharing the road with bicyclists
- Pass at a safe distance, watch for them at intersections, and treat them as vehicles with full rights.
- Sharing the road with motorcyclists
- Give them a full lane and extra following distance; check blind spots — they are easy to miss.
- Sharing the road with large trucks
- Avoid their blind spots ('No-Zones'); a truck turning right may swing left first — never squeeze up the right.
- Pedestrians with the right-of-way
- Yield and stop for pedestrians in marked and unmarked crosswalks and those crossing with a signal.
- Blind or disabled pedestrians
- Always yield to a pedestrian using a white cane or guide dog.
- Work-zone safety
- Slow down, obey flaggers and signs, watch for workers, and expect lane shifts; fines are higher for speeding.
- Flagger in a work zone
- A flagger's instructions override signs and signals — follow them.
- Child passenger in the front seat
- Keep young children in the back, away from front air bags; under 5 and under 40 lb must ride in the rear seat.
- Click It or Ticket (sharing-the-road)
- Every occupant in every seat must be belted; front-seat belt use is a primary offense.
- Railroad crossing with a lowered gate
- Stop within 50 feet but not less than 15 feet from the rails; never drive around a lowered gate (§ 20-142.1).
- Railroad crossing with flashing signals
- A train is approaching — stop and wait until the signals stop and the gate rises.
- Stalling on railroad tracks
- Get everyone out and away immediately, then call for help — never try to free the vehicle.
- Driving in heavy rain
- Slow down, turn on headlights (wipers-on rule), increase following distance, and watch for hydroplaning.
- Driving in fog (special situation)
- Use low beams, slow down, and if visibility is gone, pull completely off the road and turn on hazards.
- Driving on ice or snow
- Slow gradually, brake gently, increase following distance, and avoid sudden steering.
- Bridges and overpasses in cold
- Freeze before other surfaces — slow down and avoid sudden moves on bridges in cold weather.
- Animals on the road
- Slow down, do not swerve sharply; brake firmly and stay in your lane to avoid a worse crash.
- Hydroplaning recovery (sharing-the-road)
- Ease off the gas, keep the wheel steady, and do not brake hard until tires regain grip.
- Approaching a stopped tow truck
- The Move Over law covers tow trucks with amber lights — move over or slow down.
- Utility/NCDOT vehicles on the roadside
- Covered by NC's expanded Move Over law — move over a lane or slow down considerably.
- Funeral procession (sharing-the-road)
- Yield to it and do not cut in; the lead vehicle controls the procession's right-of-way.
- Construction barrels and cones
- Mark a changed traffic pattern — follow them and do not drive through or around them.
- Slow-moving vehicles
- Watch for farm equipment and other vehicles under 25 mph marked with the orange-red triangle; pass only when safe.
- Pedestrian crossing mid-block
- Yield, but pedestrians crossing outside a crosswalk should yield to vehicles — drive defensively either way.
- Sharing the road at night
- Reduce speed, use high beams where allowed, and watch road edges for pedestrians and animals.
- School zone during posted hours
- Slow to the posted reduced limit when lights flash or signs are in effect; speeding there is 3 points.
- Buses and transit vehicles
- Yield to a transit bus signaling to re-enter traffic from a bus stop where required.
- Emergency on the shoulder
- If you must stop, pull fully onto the shoulder, turn on hazard lights, and stay aware of passing traffic.
- Carbon monoxide / running engine
- Never run the engine in an enclosed space; keep exhaust clear if stopped in snow.
- Crossing guards
- Obey a school crossing guard's signals as you would a traffic officer.
- Wide turns by trucks
- Give large trucks and buses extra room to make wide right turns; do not pull alongside them.
- Roadside workers
- Slow down and give space to utility, sanitation, and road crews working near traffic.