- Octagon-shaped sign
- Always a STOP sign — come to a complete stop, the only sign with this 8-sided shape.
- Downward (inverted) triangle sign
- YIELD — slow down and give the right-of-way to other traffic and pedestrians.
- Yellow diamond sign
- A general warning of a hazard ahead — a curve, hill, intersection, or merge.
- Orange diamond/rectangle sign
- A construction or maintenance work zone ahead — slow down and watch for workers.
- Pentagon (5-sided) sign
- A school zone or school crossing ahead.
- Round (circular) sign
- A railroad crossing ahead (often shows 'RR' and a large X).
- Pennant-shaped sign (on the left)
- Marks the start of a no-passing zone.
- Red sign color
- Stop, yield, or a prohibition (do not enter, wrong way).
- Yellow sign color
- A general warning of a possible hazard ahead.
- Orange sign color
- A construction or maintenance (work-zone) message.
- Green sign color
- Guide and directional information — distances, exits, place names.
- Blue sign color
- Motorist services — gas, food, lodging, hospital, rest area.
- Brown sign color
- Recreation and cultural sites — parks, trails, points of interest.
- Fluorescent yellow-green sign
- Warnings for pedestrians, bicycles, or school zones.
- Regulatory (white rectangle) sign
- A traffic law you must obey — speed limit, one way, lane use.
- Steady red light
- Stop and remain stopped until the light turns green.
- Steady yellow light
- The light is about to turn red — stop if you can do so safely.
- Steady green light
- Proceed if the way is clear; yield to pedestrians and traffic already in the intersection.
- Flashing red light
- Treat it like a STOP sign — stop, yield, then proceed when safe.
- Flashing yellow light
- Caution — slow down and proceed carefully through the intersection.
- Green arrow signal
- A protected turn in the arrow's direction — oncoming traffic is stopped.
- Red arrow signal
- No turn in that direction until the arrow turns green.
- Completely dark traffic signal
- Treat the intersection as a four-way stop — every direction stops and takes turns.
- Solid yellow line on your side
- No passing — do not cross it to pass.
- Broken (dashed) yellow line
- Passing is allowed when it is safe to do so.
- Double solid yellow lines
- No passing in either direction.
- Solid white line
- Discourages or prohibits lane changes — stay in your lane.
- Broken white line
- Lane change is allowed when it is safe.
- Yellow center two-way left-turn lane
- A shared center lane used only for left turns from either direction.
- White edge line
- Marks the right edge of the travel lane.
- Yellow edge line
- Marks the left edge of a divided highway or one-way road.
- Crossbuck sign
- The white X at a railroad crossing — it means YIELD to any train.
- Diamond (HOV) lane symbol
- A carpool / high-occupancy-vehicle lane with a minimum-occupancy rule.
- Stop line (wide white line)
- Where to stop your vehicle at an intersection or crosswalk.
- Painted crosswalk
- Where pedestrians cross — yield and stop for anyone in it.
- Shared bike-lane symbol (sharrow)
- Reminds drivers that bicyclists may use the full lane.
- Yellow diagonal stripes (chevrons)
- A painted median or no-driving buffer between opposing lanes.
- Rumble strips
- Grooves that make noise/vibration to warn a drifting driver.
- Interstate route shield
- A red, white, and blue shield marking an interstate highway.
- U.S. route marker
- A black-and-white shield showing a U.S. highway number.
- Mile marker
- A small sign showing the mileage along a highway, useful for locating yourself.
- 'No Turn on Red' sign
- Overrides the default — you may NOT turn right (or left) on the red signal here.
- 'Do Not Enter' sign
- Do not enter — you are facing the wrong way on a ramp or one-way street.
- 'Wrong Way' sign
- You are traveling against traffic — stop and turn around safely.
- 'One Way' sign
- Traffic moves only in the direction of the arrow.
- 'Divided Highway' sign
- A median ahead separates opposing directions of traffic.
- 'Merge' warning sign
- Traffic from another lane will join yours — adjust speed and position.
- 'Slippery When Wet' sign
- The road can be slick in rain — slow down.
- Pedestrian crossing sign
- Watch for people crossing — be ready to yield and stop.
- Deer / livestock crossing sign
- Animals may be on the road in this area, especially at dawn and dusk.
- 'No U-Turn' sign
- U-turns are prohibited at this location.
- Speed-limit sign
- The maximum legal speed in good conditions — a regulatory sign you must obey.
- School-zone speed sign (when flashing)
- Reduce speed to 15 mph when children are present or lights flash.
- Reversible-lane control signals
- Overhead green arrow = lane open; red X = lane closed to you.
- Ramp meter signal
- A small signal on a freeway on-ramp releasing one car per green to manage merging.
- Yellow 'EXIT ONLY' panel
- That lane leaves the freeway at the next exit — move over to stay on.
- HAWK / pedestrian beacon
- A signal that stops traffic so pedestrians can cross — treat flashing/steady red as required.
- Curb painted red
- No stopping, standing, or parking.
- Curb painted blue
- Parking reserved for vehicles with a disability placard or plate.
- Work-zone flagger with STOP/SLOW paddle
- Obey the flagger — their directions override signs and signals.
- Arizona statutory limit — business/residential
- 25 mph unless a sign posts otherwise.
- Arizona statutory limit — school crossing
- 15 mph when children are present.
- Arizona statutory limit — open rural highway
- 65 mph unless posted otherwise.
- Arizona max on some rural interstates
- Up to 75 mph where posted.
- Arizona basic speed law
- You must always drive at a speed reasonable and safe for current conditions, even below the posted limit.
- Right-of-way (Arizona rule)
- Something you give (yield), never take — when in doubt, yield.
- Four-way stop — first to arrive
- The first vehicle to come to a complete stop goes first.
- Four-way stop — arrive at the same time
- The driver on the LEFT yields to the driver on the RIGHT.
- Left turn at an intersection
- Yield to oncoming traffic going straight before you turn.
- Entering from a driveway or alley
- Yield to all traffic and pedestrians already on the road.
- Uncontrolled T-intersection
- The road that ends (the stem) yields to the through road.
- Right turn on red in Arizona
- Allowed after a complete stop, unless a sign prohibits it, and after yielding.
- Left turn on red in Arizona
- Allowed from a one-way street onto another one-way street, after a full stop.
- Roundabout entry
- Yield to traffic already circulating, then enter to the right in a gap; go counter-clockwise.
- Roundabout — never do this
- Do not stop or change lanes inside the circle; signal before your exit.
- Emergency vehicle approaching (lights/siren)
- Pull to the right edge of the road and stop until it passes.
- Funeral procession
- Yield the right-of-way; do not cut into or interrupt the procession.
- Yielding to pedestrians
- Always yield to pedestrians in a crosswalk; never pass a car stopped for one.
- Two-way left-turn (center) lane
- Use it only to prepare for or complete a left turn, not to travel.
- Instruction permit minimum age (AZ)
- 15 years 6 months, after passing the written test and vision screening.
- Permit supervision rule (AZ)
- Must drive with a licensed driver 21 or older in the front passenger seat.
- Class G provisional license age (AZ)
- 16, after holding a permit at least 6 months.
- Class G supervised-hours requirement (AZ)
- At least 30 hours of supervised driving (10 at night) before licensing.
- Class G first-6-months curfew (AZ)
- No driving between midnight and 5 a.m. (with limited exceptions).
- Class G first-6-months passengers (AZ)
- No more than one passenger under 18 who is not immediate family.
- Class G restrictions end (AZ)
- At age 18, when the driver receives a full Class D license.
- Class D license (Arizona)
- The standard operator license for regular passenger vehicles.
- Passing on the right
- Allowed only in limited cases (e.g., a vehicle turning left) and never off the paved road.
- No-passing situations
- Do not pass on hills, curves, at intersections, railroad crossings, or where lines prohibit it.
- Signaling a turn
- Signal continuously for at least the last 100 feet before turning.
- Stopping for a stop sign
- Stop at the line/crosswalk; if none, stop before entering the intersection.
- Yielding when merging onto a freeway
- Match traffic speed on the ramp and merge into a gap; through traffic has the right-of-way.
- Backing up safely
- Back only when safe; look over your shoulder — do not rely on mirrors alone.
- U-turn rules
- Make a U-turn only where legal and where you can see clearly in both directions.
- Parking on a hill (downhill, with curb)
- Turn front wheels toward the curb so the car rolls into it.
- Parking on a hill (uphill, with curb)
- Turn front wheels away from the curb so the car rolls back into it.
- Parking on a hill (no curb)
- Turn front wheels toward the edge of the road so the car rolls away from traffic.
- Where you may not park
- On a crosswalk, in an intersection, on a bridge, by a fire hydrant, or blocking a driveway.
- Open-container law (Arizona)
- It is illegal to have an open alcoholic-beverage container in the passenger area.
- Headlight use (Arizona)
- From sunset to sunrise and whenever conditions limit visibility to under 500 feet.
- Dimming high beams — oncoming
- Dim your high beams within 500 feet of an oncoming vehicle.
- Dimming high beams — following
- Dim your high beams within 200 feet of a vehicle you are following.
- Turn signal failure
- Use hand signals: left arm straight out = left, up = right, down = stop/slow.
- Railroad crossing with gates/lights
- Stop at least 15 feet back; never go around lowered gates.
- Stopping for a flashing railroad signal
- Stop and wait — proceed only when lights stop and no train is coming.
- Yielding to a transit bus re-entering traffic
- Yield to a bus signaling to pull back into the travel lane where required.
- Three-point turn
- A way to reverse direction on a narrow road using forward, reverse, and forward moves.
- Lane for slower traffic
- Keep right except to pass; the left lane is for passing and faster traffic.
- Following too closely (tailgating)
- Illegal and unsafe — keep at least a three-second gap.
- Yielding at a yield sign
- Slow down, be ready to stop, and give the right-of-way before proceeding.
- Entering a road after a stop sign
- Yield to cross traffic and pedestrians before pulling out.
- Speed in an alley
- Drive at a low, cautious speed and yield to pedestrians and cross traffic.
- HOV lane use
- Only vehicles meeting the posted minimum number of occupants may use it during restricted hours.
- Bicycle treated as a vehicle
- Bicyclists have the same rights and duties as drivers and may use the lane.
- Move Over law (intro)
- Move one lane away from a stopped emergency/service vehicle, or slow down if you cannot.
- Three-second following rule
- Stay at least three seconds behind the vehicle ahead; pick a fixed point and count.
- Following distance in bad conditions
- Increase to four or more seconds in rain, dust, heavy traffic, or behind a motorcycle.
- Legal BAC limit — Arizona (21+)
- 0.08% — it is illegal to drive at or above this level.
- Legal BAC limit — commercial driver
- 0.04% in Arizona.
- Arizona DUI 'slightest degree' rule
- You can be charged at any BAC if alcohol or drugs impair you to the slightest degree.
- Arizona Extreme DUI
- BAC of 0.15% or higher (under 0.20%) — minimum 30 consecutive days in jail.
- Arizona Super Extreme DUI
- BAC of 0.20% or higher — minimum 45 consecutive days in jail (the most serious tier).
- Standard DUI minimum jail (Arizona)
- At least 10 consecutive days (much of it suspendable with treatment) plus heavy fines.
- Zero-tolerance law (under 21)
- Any measurable alcohol (BAC above 0.00%) is a violation for a driver under 21.
- Implied consent (Arizona)
- By driving you consent to a chemical test if lawfully arrested for DUI; refusing means automatic suspension.
- Ignition interlock device
- A breath device that prevents a car from starting if alcohol is detected; required after a DUI.
- Effect of alcohol on driving
- Slows reaction time and judgment, impairs vision and coordination — there is no 'safe' amount.
- Only thing that sobers you up
- Time — coffee, food, and a cold shower do not lower your BAC.
- Drugged driving
- Driving while impaired by any drug — including prescription or marijuana — is a DUI in Arizona.
- Arizona hands-free law
- It is illegal to hold or support a phone while driving; use it only hands-free.
- Hands-free law type
- A primary law — an officer can stop you for it alone.
- Texting while driving
- Prohibited — reading or typing on a phone while driving is illegal in Arizona.
- Distracted driving
- Anything that takes your eyes, hands, or attention off driving — a leading cause of crashes.
- Arizona point — DUI
- 8 points.
- Arizona point — reckless or aggressive driving
- 8 points.
- Arizona point — leaving the scene of a crash
- 6 points.
- Arizona point — speeding
- 3 points.
- Arizona point — most other moving violations
- 2 to 3 points.
- Arizona suspension threshold
- 8 or more points within 12 months can mean suspension up to a year or Traffic Survival School.
- Traffic Survival School
- An 8-hour MVD-approved class some drivers must finish after certain violations or point totals.
- Defensive driving
- Anticipating hazards and others' mistakes, keeping space, and having an escape plan.
- Scanning the road
- Look 10–15 seconds ahead, check mirrors every few seconds, and watch your blind spots.
- Covering the brake
- Easing your foot over the brake when a hazard is likely, so you can stop faster.
- Two-second / three-second rule purpose
- Gives you time to perceive a hazard and react before a collision.
- Driving downhill on a long grade
- Shift to a lower gear and use engine braking so the brakes don't overheat.
- Hydroplaning
- Tires ride on a film of water and lose grip — ease off the gas; do not brake hard.
- Skid recovery
- Ease off the accelerator and steer in the direction you want the front of the car to go.
- Tire blowout
- Hold the wheel firmly, ease off the gas, and let the car slow before steering off the road.
- Brake failure
- Pump the brakes, downshift, use the parking brake gradually, and steer to a safe stop.
- Stuck accelerator
- Shift to neutral, brake, steer to the side, then turn off the engine once stopped.
- Driving when tired (fatigue)
- Pull over and rest — drowsiness slows reaction time like alcohol does.
- Night driving
- Use headlights, reduce speed, and don't outdrive your headlights' range.
- Glare from oncoming lights
- Look toward the right edge line, not directly at the lights.
- Following a motorcycle
- Leave extra space — motorcycles can stop quickly and are easy to misjudge.
- Reacting to a ball in the street
- Slow down and expect a child to follow it out.
- Defensive lane choice
- Keep space cushions on all sides and avoid driving in others' blind spots.
- Driving in a 'pack' of cars
- Avoid it — drop back or move ahead so you have room to maneuver.
- Speeding penalties in a work zone
- Fines are often doubled in Arizona construction zones.
- Aggressive driving
- Tailgating, weaving, and excessive speed — an 8-point, serious Arizona violation.
- Road rage
- Stay calm, don't engage, give angry drivers space, and report dangerous behavior.
- Safe speed for conditions
- Slow down for rain, dust, gravel, curves, and heavy traffic regardless of the posted limit.
- Seat belt benefit
- Keeps you in place and behind the wheel in a crash, sharply reducing injury and death.
- Anti-lock brakes (ABS)
- Keep firm, steady pressure on the pedal and steer — do not pump ABS brakes.
- Stopping distance factors
- Speed, reaction time, road surface, tires, and brakes all affect how far you need to stop.
- Fixing your gaze (target fixation)
- Look where you want to go, not at the hazard you want to avoid.
- Arizona Move Over law
- Move one lane away from a stopped emergency/service vehicle with flashing lights, if safe.
- Move Over law — if you can't change lanes
- Slow down and proceed with caution past the stopped vehicle.
- Move Over law — what it covers
- Police, fire, ambulance, tow trucks, and vehicles showing amber/flashing lights.
- School bus with flashing red lights + arm
- Stop in BOTH directions until the lights stop and the arm folds back.
- School bus exception (divided highway)
- Oncoming traffic may proceed with caution only when a physical median separates them.
- Painted center line vs. median
- A painted line is NOT a median — you must still stop for a school bus.
- Passing a bicyclist (Arizona)
- Leave at least 3 feet of space when passing.
- Sharing the road with motorcycles
- Allow extra following distance and check blind spots — they're small and easy to miss.
- Large truck wide right turn
- A truck may swing left before turning right — never try to pass on its right.
- Truck/large-vehicle blind spots ('No-Zones')
- Stay out of the areas directly behind, in front of, and beside a big truck.
- Dust storm guidance (ADOT)
- 'Pull Aside, Stay Alive' — pull off the road, stop, and turn off your lights.
- Dust storm — your lights
- Turn ALL lights off so following drivers don't follow you off the road.
- Dust storm — your foot
- Take your foot off the brake so your brake lights are dark.
- Dust storm — your seat belt
- Keep it fastened and wait for the storm to pass.
- Dust storm — never do this
- Never stop in a travel lane or try to drive through a dense dust storm.
- Flash flooding (Arizona)
- Never drive through a flooded wash or roadway — 'Turn Around, Don't Drown.'
- Stupid Motorist Law (Arizona)
- Drive around a barricade into a flooded roadway and you can be billed for your rescue.
- Desert driving — water
- Carry water in case you break down in extreme heat away from services.
- Driving in fog
- Use low beams (not high), slow down, and increase following distance.
- Driving in heavy rain
- Slow down, use low-beam headlights, and watch for hydroplaning.
- Sharing the road with pedestrians
- Yield in crosswalks; watch for people near schools, parks, and bus stops.
- Children near the road
- Slow down and be ready to stop — children are unpredictable.
- Workers in a work zone
- Slow down, obey the flagger, and merge early; expect sudden stops.
- Animals on rural roads
- Most active at dawn, dusk, and night; slow down and use high beams when alone.
- Approaching a horse or livestock
- Slow down, give wide space, and avoid honking or sudden moves.
- Stopped emergency scene
- Slow down, move over, and follow any officer or flagger directions.
- Snowplow on the road
- Stay well back; do not pass a working plow — the road ahead is worse.
- Driving near a light-rail/streetcar
- Don't turn across the tracks against a signal; never stop on the tracks.
- Yielding to a wheelchair user / blind pedestrian
- Always yield; a pedestrian with a white cane or guide dog has the right-of-way.
- Child restraint — under 5 (Arizona)
- Must use a child safety seat appropriate to age and size.
- Child restraint — ages 5 to 7 (Arizona)
- Must use a booster seat unless taller than 4 feet 9 inches.
- Child restraint — age 8+ / 4 ft 9 in+
- May use a regular seat belt.
- Seat belt requirement (Arizona)
- The driver and front-seat passengers must wear seat belts.
- Carbon-monoxide / running engine
- Never run the engine in a closed garage; ventilate to avoid CO poisoning.
- Stalled on a highway
- Pull off as far as possible, turn on hazard lights, and stay clear of traffic.