Free Part 107 Flashcards – 220 Comprehensive Flashcards

14 CFR Part 107

The Remote Pilot in Command (Remote PIC)

Less than 55 pounds, including everything onboard at takeoff

A Remote Pilot Certificate with a small UAS rating

Every 24 calendar months

400 feet above ground level (AGL) or higher if within 400 feet of a structure

Yes, if the drone is equipped with anti-collision lighting visible for at least 3 statute miles

No, a Remote PIC is only allowed to operate one sUAS at a time

If there is serious injury, loss of consciousness, or property damage exceeding $500, it must be reported within 10 days

Class A, B, C, D, E, and G airspace

Class A airspace

Classes B, C, D, and E (controlled airspace)

Class G is uncontrolled airspace that typically exists below Class E airspace and does not require ATC authorization for sUAS operations

400 feet above ground level (AGL)

The Low Altitude Authorization and Notification Capability (LAANC) system

A TFR is a restriction on certain airspace due to special events or hazardous conditions, and sUAS operators must comply with these restrictions

They can review NOTAMs (Notice to Airmen) and check with FAA-approved resources

Class G airspace (uncontrolled airspace)

Obtain special permission or authorization from the controlling agency or FAA before operating in restricted or prohibited airspace

METAR (Meteorological Aerodrome Report) and TAF (Terminal Aerodrome Forecast) reports

A METAR is an aviation routine weather report updated every hour or when significant weather changes occur

A TAF is a Terminal Aerodrome Forecast that provides predicted weather conditions for a 5-mile radius around an airport, updated four times a day

High humidity can reduce air density, which decreases aircraft performance and lift

Wind shear is a sudden change in wind speed or direction, which can lead to loss of control of the drone

The standard lapse rate is a temperature decrease of 2°C per 1000 feet increase in altitude, affecting drone performance by reducing lift at higher altitudes

Higher density altitude reduces air density, decreasing lift and engine performance

Fog or low visibility can prevent the Remote PIC from maintaining visual line-of-sight (VLOS), making operations unsafe and non-compliant with regulations

High winds can reduce control, decrease battery life due to higher power consumption, and increase the risk of accidents

Early morning or late evening, when temperatures are more stable and winds are typically calmer

Less than 55 pounds, including the aircraft and any payloads or onboard components

A properly balanced CG ensures stable flight. An incorrect CG can lead to loss of control or reduced performance

It can change the drone's weight and balance, which may affect flight characteristics, maneuverability, and battery life

Empty weight

Overloading a drone can reduce its climb rate, decrease maneuverability, increase stall risk, and shorten flight time

Useful load refers to the difference between the maximum takeoff weight and the empty weight, including the payload and any necessary accessories

Conduct a preflight weight and balance check to ensure the aircraft is within safe operating limits

It can make the aircraft harder to control, reduce stability, and increase the likelihood of an accident

Distribute the weight evenly and ensure that the load is centered and secured

Heavier drones require more power to maintain flight, which shortens battery life and flight time

The Remote PIC is responsible for maintaining the safety of the operation and taking any necessary actions to prevent accidents or minimize damage.

The Remote PIC should ensure that the sUAS follows pre-programmed lost link procedures, which might include returning to home or safely landing.

The Remote PIC should attempt to regain control, ensure the safety of people and property, and follow emergency procedures for a lost aircraft.

Land the drone immediately in a safe location away from people or property, and follow any fire suppression procedures if necessary.

An accident must be reported within 10 days if it results in serious injury, loss of consciousness, or property damage exceeding $500.

The VO assists the Remote PIC by maintaining visual line-of-sight and alerting the PIC to any hazards or issues during an emergency.

The preflight briefing should cover emergency procedures, roles, and responsibilities in case of an unexpected event or system failure.

The Remote PIC should review emergency procedures, ensure all crew members are familiar with their roles, and plan for potential hazards in the operating area.

The Remote PIC should land the drone in a safe area, away from people and property, using controlled descent procedures if possible.

Immediately stop the flight and initiate emergency landing procedures in a safe area, then investigate and address the cause of the failure.

CRM is the effective use of all available resources, including personnel, equipment, and information, to ensure safe and efficient operations.

The Remote Pilot in Command (Remote PIC) is responsible for all decisions and the overall safety of the operation.

Clear and effective communication ensures that all crew members understand their roles, responsibilities, and any potential hazards during the operation.

The Remote PIC should conduct preflight briefings, assign roles clearly, and establish procedures for continuous communication during the flight.

It should include the flight plan, emergency procedures, crew roles and responsibilities, and any expected challenges or hazards.

The VO assists the Remote PIC by maintaining visual line-of-sight with the sUAS and informing the PIC of any hazards or issues.

CRM improves safety by ensuring that all crew members work together to identify and mitigate risks, and make informed decisions during the flight.

Stress or fatigue can impair decision-making and communication, which may lead to errors and reduce overall crew performance.

Situational awareness involves understanding all aspects of the operational environment, including aircraft status, weather, airspace, and potential hazards.

The Remote PIC should monitor the drone’s performance, environmental conditions, and crew communication to stay informed and ready to react to changes.

To provide situational awareness and ensure safe integration with manned aircraft operations.

The CTAF is typically 122.9 MHz, but it can vary by airport.

UNICOM is a non-government radio station that provides airport information like weather and runway conditions at non-towered airports.

The Remote PIC should broadcast their position, altitude, and intentions on the appropriate CTAF or UNICOM frequency in a clear and concise manner.

Use standard aviation phraseology such as “This is [call sign], currently [location], operating at [altitude], request [action].”

A “read back” is when a pilot repeats a message back to confirm they understood the instruction correctly.

When operating at a non-towered airport to communicate with other pilots and to gain information about airport conditions.

Check sectional charts, the FAA website, or other approved sources to verify the correct frequency before flying near the airport.

ATIS provides continuous broadcast information about airport conditions such as weather, runway in use, and NOTAMs, which can be used for situational awareness.

The Remote PIC must obtain ATC authorization to operate in controlled airspace (Class B, C, D, or E) via LAANC or other approved methods.

Weight, altitude, weather conditions, battery health, and wind speed all affect sUAS performance.

Increased weight decreases flight time, reduces maneuverability, and requires more power, which can shorten battery life.

Density altitude is the altitude relative to air density; higher density altitude reduces air density, which negatively impacts lift and power.

High winds can reduce flight stability, shorten battery life, and make it harder to maintain control of the drone.

High temperatures can cause batteries to overheat, reducing efficiency, while cold temperatures can decrease battery performance and flight time.

Heavier payloads require more power to keep the aircraft aloft, reducing battery life and limiting flight time.

Reducing payload, optimizing flight paths, and closely monitoring battery life can help improve performance in high-altitude conditions.

High humidity reduces air density, which decreases lift and can impact overall flight efficiency.

Inspect the aircraft for damage, ensure batteries are fully charged, check payload balance, and assess weather conditions before each flight.

Higher altitudes decrease air density, which reduces lift and makes the aircraft less responsive to control inputs.

The legal BAC limit is 0.04% or higher, and you must wait at least 8 hours after consuming alcohol before flying.

At least 8 hours must pass after consuming alcohol before flying a drone.

Fatigue can impair decision-making, reaction time, and overall ability to safely operate the sUAS.

Hyperventilation occurs when you breathe too quickly, leading to dizziness, visual impairment, or even unconsciousness, which can affect flight control.

Hypoxia is a lack of oxygen, which can lead to impaired thinking, slowed reaction times, and decreased alertness.

Dehydration can cause headaches, dizziness, and impaired concentration, reducing a pilot’s ability to safely operate an sUAS.

Stress can lead to poor decision-making, reduced attention, and decreased situational awareness, all of which can compromise flight safety.

Maintaining good physical and mental health ensures optimal performance and decision-making while operating a drone safely.

The Remote PIC should consult a physician and avoid flying if the medication impairs their cognitive or motor functions.

Anxiety can lead to tunnel vision, poor decision-making, and reduced reaction time, all of which can negatively affect flight safety.

ADM is a systematic approach to making decisions in aviation that helps pilots assess situations and determine the best course of action.

The first step in ADM is to recognize a hazardous attitude or situation.

Anti-authority, impulsivity, invulnerability, macho, and resignation.

The "anti-authority" attitude leads a pilot to disregard rules and regulations, which can result in unsafe actions.

The DECIDE model helps pilots evaluate and resolve problems systematically: Detect, Estimate, Choose, Identify, Do, and Evaluate.

Stress can reduce cognitive abilities, impair judgment, and lead to rash or poor decision-making.

Pilots with an impulsivity attitude feel the need to act quickly without considering the consequences, which can lead to unsafe decisions.

Situational awareness is the ability to accurately perceive the environment and factors affecting the flight, which is critical for making informed decisions.

A pilot can mitigate invulnerability by recognizing that accidents can happen to anyone, and taking necessary precautions to avoid risks.

Continuous evaluation ensures that a pilot is aware of changes in the flight environment and can make necessary adjustments to maintain safety.

It indicates where an aircraft must stop and wait before being cleared to enter or cross a runway.

Runway markings are white, and taxiway markings are yellow.

It indicates a critical area for Instrument Landing System (ILS) where aircraft must avoid entering unless authorized to prevent interference with ILS signals.

It provides visual indicators of traffic pattern directions for runways at uncontrolled airports.

The CTAF is used for pilots to communicate with each other at non-towered airports to coordinate landing, takeoff, and position reporting.

Review sectional charts, understand airspace classification, and check for NOTAMs or other restrictions in the area.

The Remote PIC must obtain authorization from Air Traffic Control (ATC) before entering controlled airspace (Class B, C, D, or E).

Use standard aviation phraseology, stating aircraft type, location, altitude, and intentions clearly and concisely.

Pattern altitude is the specific altitude at which aircraft fly when entering or flying within an airport's traffic pattern, typically 1,000 feet above ground level (AGL).

Maintain situational awareness, follow established traffic patterns, communicate on the correct frequencies, and avoid interfering with manned aircraft operations.

A preflight inspection ensures that the sUAS is in a condition safe for operation and can identify potential mechanical or system issues before flight.

The checklist should include inspecting propellers, motors, battery charge, frame, payload attachments, and communication systems.

Maintenance should follow the manufacturer’s recommended schedule and after any incident or when a component shows wear or malfunction.

The manufacturer’s schedule ensures that all components are regularly checked and replaced before they pose a safety risk, extending the life of the aircraft.

The Remote PIC is responsible for ensuring that the sUAS is properly maintained and that all maintenance is recorded and documented.

The flight should be delayed until the issue is resolved and the aircraft is deemed safe for operation.

A post-flight inspection involves checking for any damage to the aircraft, propellers, and sensors, as well as recording any issues encountered during the flight.

Maintenance and inspection records provide a history of the aircraft’s condition, help identify recurring issues, and ensure compliance with Part 107 regulations.

Batteries should be inspected for damage, charged according to manufacturer instructions, and stored in a safe, temperature-controlled environment to prevent overheating.

The component should be replaced according to the manufacturer’s guidelines before it fails and causes safety issues during flight.