TEAS Reading: Integration of Knowledge and Ideas (Quiz 2)

Watermelons After extensive research, a German botanist and her colleagues have discovered that the watermelon we know today didn’t originate from Mesopotamia, as many other domesticated crops have. Its genetic analysis shows that it is more closely related to the Sudanese variety, although they look very different. Our ‘modern’ version of watermelons has red flesh and a very sweet taste, while the flesh of Sudanese watermelons is white and it isn’t sweet at all; it is mainly used to feed animals. Which of the following provides information about watermelons?

Karl just finished reading a graphic novel with a ‘coming of age’ theme about four young sisters who become grown women through the difficulties of living in a working-class family in the 1800s. Which of the following has a contrasting theme?

Humidity When days are hot and humid, the air feels heavy and breathing might feel challenging; our skin can also feel overheated and sticky. Humidity feels so uncomfortable because it makes us feel hotter than we feel on dry days. Usually, when we feel hot, we sweat and our sweat evaporates into the air, therefore cooling our skin. However, humidity doesn’t allow our sweat to evaporate as quickly since the air around us cannot absorb any more moisture (vapour). The longer our sweat stays on our skin, the warmer (and more uncomfortable!) we feel. Which of the following is an inference that could be made about humidity?

Mars In 2018, a team of researchers found evidence of a large lake underneath Mars’ south polar surface. This announcement was made after analysing radar data gathered by Europe’s Mars Express spacecraft. The same instruments were used once again to follow up on the discovery and to study a wider area around the newly found lake. This provided evidence for the existence of three more underground lakes. However, a different team of scientists seem unsure regarding the existence of subsurface liquid water on Mars. They simply cannot understand what is preventing the water from freezing in Mars’ sub-zero atmosphere. Which of the following is a prediction based on the last line of the passage?

Mia and Her Prosthetic Foot Bearded vultures are the largest flying birds in Europe. When large birds such as these lose one of their limbs, their inability to walk will certainly lead to death from malnutrition. Luckily this won’t be the case for a bearded vulture named Mia, who injured its foot so badly that it had to be amputated. So far, prosthetic limbs have been used in humans; however, for the first time, a bionic limb has been attached directly to a vulture’s bones, allowing the bird to land safely multiple times a day and to grab prey. The veterinary team from Vienna University designed a special bone implant durable enough to withstand the large bird’s daily activity. Only a few weeks after the surgery, Mia was able to walk and land using both feet. Which of the following is an inference that could be made about Mia, the bearded vulture?

Beth just finished watching a movie with a ‘revenge’ theme, in which an innocent man spends his time in prison plotting against those who betrayed him and had him jailed. Which of the following has a similar theme?

Passant just finished reading a novel with a ‘redemption’ theme, in which an old businessman realizes how mean and selfish he had been towards others and invests his money, time, and effort to improve the lives of the people around him. Which of the following has a similar theme?

Understanding OCD On your way to work, do you sometimes go back to check if the front door of your house is locked? Do you always do the washing up after every meal? Well, that’s nothing to be concerned about. However, if you are compelled to perform repetitive behavior by intrusive, persistent, and disturbing thoughts about something terrible — inflicted by you — happening to you, or even to someone else, it could be a sign of an Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD). OCD is a common disorder that can affect individuals of any age. It may start in a mild form during childhood and develop further during adolescence, continuing into adulthood. It isn’t clear what causes this disorder, but there are some factors that might trigger it, such as genetics, a chemical imbalance in the brain, or personality. Exceptionally responsible, methodical people who set high standards for themselves are more prone to develop OCD. Embarrassment and shame often prevent people with OCD from seeking help, but the right treatment and support can help them overcome this disorder. Prescribed medicine and therapy are the most effective treatments, but they may take some time to work. Dealing with OCD can be challenging; therefore, contacting support groups can provide some relief from this stressful situation. Which of the following statements from the passage supports the claim made in paragraph 2?

The Man-Eating Whale Sperm whales are huge marine creatures that can reach the size of a school-bus. They mainly feed on very small sea creatures, such as tiny fish and plankton. When a lobster diver got swallowed by one of these enormous animals, he thought he was going to die. Although whales don’t have teeth, the diver could have been crushed by the animal’s tongue. Luckily for him, the whale decided to spit him out. The diver reported an injury no greater than a dislocated knee. Which of the following is a prediction based on the last line of the passage?

The Future of Space Exploration Since the first moon landing, many probes have been sent across the solar system, while our spacecraft have orbited around, surveyed, and landed on several planets. Astronauts have already performed extensive experiments on the dangers and requirements of living in space-bound habitats. It seems logical, then, to expect astronauts of the future to repair equipment sent millions of miles away from Earth. Space isn’t a suitable place for a delicate species like us. The conditions in which humans can survive are limited — we need the right amount of pressure, oxygen, water, temperature, radiation, and acceleration, or we die. In fact, we need protective clothing and technology even to explore many areas of our own planet. After all, space exploration is necessary for the human species, as we will have to leave our biosphere when the sun turns into a red giant. But shouldn’t we send robots to do the exploring instead of humans? Robots don’t die — not like humans, anyway. They are designed to withstand extremely harsh conditions that humans would never be able to endure. If one of the robots breaks down or is lost, it can be rebuilt. For humans, it doesn’t work quite like that. We have always imagined artificial servants or artificial minds that exist for the sole purpose of fulfilling human needs. So, perhaps, the role of Artificial Intelligence (AI) is to live and explore space on our behalf. Current robotic explorers are rare and hence extremely expensive, requiring endless pre-mission modeling and careful actions. But robotics is becoming cheaper and more adaptable, as are the ways to hurl them beyond our atmosphere. As space access becomes cheaper, we should expect a more ruthless use of robots. However, we find it impossible to resist the charm of human space exploration, despite its risks. Knowledge and achievements aren’t enough for us — we want to be there to witness the unfolding of our success. First of all, sending humans into space adds glory to our lives. Overcoming the plethora of challenges that come with long-term spaceflight inspires and delights us. Many of us would consider a human landing on Mars as an achievement of paramount importance for our species, not only for personal satisfaction, but also for national pride. Furthermore, the desire for raw materials in order to make profits is one of the greatest incentives that space exploration has to offer. Of course, this poses the moral dilemma that we might not be able to repair any damage we cause, therefore blurring our knowledge of the origin and organization of life in the solar system. The main motivation that will keep us going is that it is challenging and fascinating: humans are ambitious creatures that strive to achieve what is nearly impossible, and be present for the occasion. I wonder if AI will ever be able to learn this very human trait! Meanwhile, it would be useful to consider the advantages that our automated explorers currently maintain over their human counterparts. Which of the following is a counterargument from the passage?

An Unusual Event Cheese rolling is an unusual annual event that has taken place every spring since the 15th century in the English region of Gloucester, famous for its Double Gloucester cheese. The rules are simple: a large round of cheese is rolled down from the top of a hill, with the competitors chasing it all the way to the bottom. Once the Master of Ceremonies starts the event, those who are competing race down, following the cheese. The winner is the first to cross the finish line. The prize? It’s the cheese, of course! Although you don’t need to meet any fitness requirements to participate, this race is very difficult, dangerous and muddy! Originally, the aim of the competition was to catch the actual cheese round, but this has proved to be almost impossible to achieve. Since 2013, the cheese has been replaced with an object of similar shape, but much lighter, to reduce the number of accidents that occur each year. Which of the following is a prediction based on the passage?

The Most Beautiful Sport Its origin is uncertain, but there is no doubt that ‘mermaiding’ is a fascinating water activity. Globally recognised as a sport in 2020, it brings back fond memories of old tales, legends, and cartoon characters for children. It can be described as ‘dancing under water’, while wearing a ‘fishtail’ to keep your legs together. It doesn’t come as a surprise that it is considered to be the ‘most beautiful’ underwater sport in the world. With the help of a professional instructor, this sport can supplement a person’s physical and psychological well-being, but it requires commitment to hours of training and breathing practice. The bond between parents and children becomes stronger when they practice mermaiding together. The children develop their confidence in becoming whoever they want to be, sure of their parents’ support. This type of water sport has become popular worldwide and, as such, it offers many unusual and profitable work opportunities – as performing artists in aquariums and at children’s birthday parties, or as instructors. Which of the following is an inference that could be made about ‘mermaiding’?

James just finished reading a graphic novel with a ‘circle of life’ theme in which a fox teaches her three cubs to survive in the forest in order to be prepared when she dies. Which of the following has a similar theme?

The Future of Space Exploration Since the first moon landing, many probes have been sent across the solar system, while our spacecraft have orbited around, surveyed, and landed on several planets. Astronauts have already performed extensive experiments on the dangers and requirements of living in space-bound habitats. It seems logical, then, to expect astronauts of the future to repair equipment sent millions of miles away from Earth. Space isn’t a suitable place for a delicate species like us. The conditions in which humans can survive are limited — we need the right amount of pressure, oxygen, water, temperature, radiation, and acceleration, or we die. In fact, we need protective clothing and technology even to explore many areas of our own planet. After all, space exploration is necessary for the human species, as we will have to leave our biosphere when the sun turns into a red giant. But shouldn’t we send robots to do the exploring instead of humans? Robots don’t die — not like humans, anyway. They are designed to withstand extremely harsh conditions that humans would never be able to endure. If one of the robots breaks down or is lost, it can be rebuilt. For humans, it doesn’t work quite like that. We have always imagined artificial servants or artificial minds that exist for the sole purpose of fulfilling human needs. So, perhaps, the role of Artificial Intelligence (AI) is to live and explore space on our behalf. Current robotic explorers are rare and hence extremely expensive, requiring endless pre-mission modeling and careful actions. But robotics is becoming cheaper and more adaptable, as are the ways to hurl them beyond our atmosphere. As space access becomes cheaper, we should expect a more ruthless use of robots. However, we find it impossible to resist the charm of human space exploration, despite its risks. Knowledge and achievements aren’t enough for us — we want to be there to witness the unfolding of our success. First of all, sending humans into space adds glory to our lives. Overcoming the plethora of challenges that come with long-term spaceflight inspires and delights us. Many of us would consider a human landing on Mars as an achievement of paramount importance for our species, not only for personal satisfaction, but also for national pride. Furthermore, the desire for raw materials in order to make profits is one of the greatest incentives that space exploration has to offer. Of course, this poses the moral dilemma that we might not be able to repair any damage we cause, therefore blurring our knowledge of the origin and organization of life in the solar system. The main motivation that will keep us going is that it is challenging and fascinating: humans are ambitious creatures that strive to achieve what is nearly impossible, and be present for the occasion. I wonder if AI will ever be able to learn this very human trait! Meanwhile, it would be useful to consider the advantages that our automated explorers currently maintain over their human counterparts. Which of the following is a counterargument from the passage?

Viking Tombs Archeologists have found seven Viking tombs holding 1,000 year old, well preserved skeletons of eight people — four adults and four children. One of the tombs contains two very small infants, who appear to be of the same age. This is probably the result of late miscarriages of a couple of sets of twins. The graves have been excavated, revealing their unusual lay out which doesn’t match traditional Viking beliefs. At that time, Vikings were cremated, rather than buried, which was a the Christian custom. Which of the following is a prediction based on the last line of the passage?

Andrea just finished listening to a song with a ‘long lasting friendship’ theme, in which the singer describes the importance of having good friends beside you at any point in life. Which of the following has a contrasting theme?

Understanding OCD On your way to work, do you sometimes go back to check if the front door of your house is locked? Do you always do the washing up after every meal? Well, that’s nothing to be concerned about. However, if you are compelled to perform repetitive behavior by intrusive, persistent, and disturbing thoughts about something terrible — inflicted by you — happening to you, or even to someone else, it could be a sign of an Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD). OCD is a common disorder that can affect individuals of any age. It may start in a mild form during childhood and develop further during adolescence, continuing into adulthood. It isn’t clear what causes this disorder, but there are some factors that might trigger it, such as genetics, a chemical imbalance in the brain, or personality. Exceptionally responsible, methodical people who set high standards for themselves are more prone to develop OCD. Embarrassment and shame often prevent people with OCD from seeking help, but the right treatment and support can help them overcome this disorder. Prescribed medicine and therapy are the most effective treatments, but they may take some time to work. Dealing with OCD can be challenging; therefore, contacting support groups can provide some relief from this stressful situation. What secondary argument does the author make?

ACV for Your Hair You might be a fan of apple cider vinegar (ACV) for your salad dressing, and you may have used it to remove odors from your fridge or stains from your carpet. What’s more, despite the lack of scientific evidence, many swear by the remarkable health properties that ACV has to offer. But have you ever applied apple cider vinegar to your hair? No? You should! Here’s why: Because it contains high levels of acetic acid and minerals, rinsing your hair regularly with apple cider vinegar can bring your dull, frizzy hair back to life. But its benefits don’t stop here. Chemical substances contained in common shampoos and conditioners can cause hair and scalp acidity imbalance. However, adding ACV to your hair care routine can prevent dandruff, scalp itchiness, and minor infections. But beware! Not all scalps are created equal, so it’s better to err on the side of caution to avoid irritating your skin. If you are new to this, start with diluting a couple of tablespoons of vinegar with plenty of water — you can always try increasing the proportion of vinegar in future applications. What secondary argument does the author make?

Polly just finished watching a movie with a ‘good vs. evil’ theme in which a young wizard fights against the most powerful villain of all time to avenge his parents and protect his friends. Which of the following has a contrasting theme?

ACV for Your Hair You might be a fan of apple cider vinegar (ACV) for your salad dressing, and you may have used it to remove odors from your fridge or stains from your carpet. What’s more, despite the lack of scientific evidence, many swear by the remarkable health properties that ACV has to offer. But have you ever applied apple cider vinegar to your hair? No? You should! Here’s why: Because it contains high levels of acetic acid and minerals, rinsing your hair regularly with apple cider vinegar can bring your dull, frizzy hair back to life. But its benefits don’t stop here. Chemical substances contained in common shampoos and conditioners can cause hair and scalp acidity imbalance. However, adding ACV to your hair care routine can prevent dandruff, scalp itchiness, and minor infections. But beware! Not all scalps are created equal, so it’s better to err on the side of caution to avoid irritating your skin. If you are new to this, start with diluting a couple of tablespoons of vinegar with plenty of water — you can always try increasing the proportion of vinegar in future applications. Which of the following statements supports the claim made in the last line?

Sandra just finished watching a play with the ‘familial love’ theme, in which two sisters joined at the hip share an extraordinary life that brings them fame.

Kenyan Work Etiquette If you are new to working in Kenya, you might want to pay attention to the way you interact with others, in order to make a good first impression. Kenyan culture gives great importance to age and position, so remember to greet everyone individually, even when meeting a group. Be respectful in your conduct – don’t address your colleagues by their first names unless you know them well. Should any issue arise between you and a workmate, try to resolve it discreetly, avoiding any public display of anger. Last, but not the least, be on time, even if others might not be! Which of the following summarizes the information about work etiquette in Kenya?

Vegetarian vs. Vegan Speaker 1: Would you like to come over for dinner? There are a few vegetarian recipes I’d like you to try. Speaker 2: It sounds great! And I’m so glad you’re including more vegetarian meals in your diet. It’s a great way to reduce gas emissions, avoid further water pollution, and protect wildlife and its habitat. Speaker 1: That’s very true. But on a personal note, I can already see the benefits of my new eating habits. I used to feel very lethargic after my meals, but not anymore. My mood has improved too! Speaker 2: I’m very pleased to hear that! I know exactly how you feel. In fact, I’m considering pushing my vegetarian diet to the next level and becoming a vegan. Speaker 1: Oh no, I could never do that! I love cheese and steaks too much to give them up altogether. Besides, I believe that we should eat anything in moderation and a balanced diet is the best option. Speaker 2: I guess I’d miss eating cheese too, but I feel that the benefits of avoiding any form of animal fats and proteins are far greater than my cravings for dairy products. Speaker 1: Well, good luck, and let me know how you get on! Which of the following statements could NOT provide support for BOTH arguments?

The Five-Second Rule Speaker 1: I’m so hungry…and these chips are delicious! Oh no! I’ve just dropped one… Speaker 2: Quick, pick it up and eat it! Don’t you remember the five-second rule? Speaker 1: What’s this five-second rule? Speaker 2: It is a food hygiene theory stating that it is safe to eat food that has been dropped on the floor, as long as it’s picked up within five seconds. This is because such a limited window of time doesn’t allow dropped food to contract enough bacteria to make you sick. Speaker 1: Well, I don’t think that’s a good idea. After all, even if it’s in small amounts, you don’t know what kind of bacteria is on the floor. Speaker 2: I see your point, but in my opinion, small doses of harmful bacteria can improve our immune system. Isn’t it how vaccines work? Speaker 1: First of all, vaccines are prepared safely in a lab; secondly, why should I choose to ingest food that has been contaminated? No way! Speaker 2: Ok, let’s agree to disagree on this! Which of the following statements would the authors agree on?

Jacque just finished listening to a song with a ‘courage and perseverance’ theme, about the struggles we all endure through life and the strength required to carry on living.

Constellations Orion is one of the largest constellations visible from anywhere on Earth, mainly in January. Like Aries and Cygnus, Orion is among the 48 constellations listed by Ptolemy in the 2nd century and officially recognised by the International Astronomical Union. It is believed to be the most famous of its kind, probably because it has been mentioned by the poets Virgil and Homer. Orion takes its name after the mythological Greek hunter it represents. It appears to be quite easy to recognise, for the unmistakable row of three stars that indicate the hunter’s belt. Orion is a unique constellation in the sense that it can be used as a guide to find other constellations during the winter months. Which of the following is an inference that could be made about the Orion constellation?

Online Learning There is no denying that the shift to online learning has brought about several challenges, from a sense of isolation to physical discomfort. Perhaps, what really unsettled educators and learners alike is the sudden change that was imposed by a global pandemic. However, there are many advantages to learning online. This modern medium allows learning to take place where and when possible, from a wide range of devices, while reducing the amount of money and time spent on commuting. With so many benefits of online learning, why didn’t we think of it before? Traditional Learning While acknowledging the positive aspects of online learning, it is believed that traditional (or classroom) learning remains invaluable from a pedagogical point of view, especially with regard to young learners’ education. As well as school subjects, children need to learn social skills – how can they be practiced on a screen? In everyone’s best interest, it is worth considering that the future of education might rely on both methods of learning: traditional and online. Which of the following is a common theme between the passages given above?

Chocolate & Nobel prize A study suggests that moderate and regular chocolate intake could have positive effects on the mental functions of senior patients who show early signs of dementia. This has been backed by experiments on rats and snails, with evidence of improved cognitive abilities on the former, and of better memory on the latter. Intrigued by these findings, researchers have taken their studies a step further and found a correlation between chocolate consumption and the number of Nobel Prize winners in any given country. It appears that the highest number of Nobel Prize winners belongs to the countries with the highest chocolate consumption. It might not come as a surprise, then, that Switzerland came in first place, as one of the biggest chocolate producers worldwide. Among this data, an anomaly was found regarding Sweden. Despite the fact that the amount of chocolate consumed in Sweden is much less than that in Germany, the number of Swedish Nobel Prize winners is twice as much as their German counterparts. Which of the following is an exaggerated claim in support of the argument presented in the passage?

Which of the following statements from a company’s mission statement offers evidence in favor of the claim that their business’ purpose is to reduce food waste?

Which of the following car advertising slogans offers evidence in favour of the claim that the vehicles are built to last?