SPI Domian 4: Imaging Principles and Instrumentation Welcome to your SPI Domian 4: Imaging Principles and Instrumentation 1. SPI: Imaging Principles and Instrumentation What principle does tissue harmonic imaging primarily rely on? A. The reflection of sound waves off interfaces with different impedances B. The linear propagation of ultrasound waves in tissue C. The generation of harmonic frequencies as ultrasound waves propagate through tissue D. The attenuation of ultrasound waves with increasing depth None 2. SPI: Imaging Principles and Instrumentation In ultrasound imaging, what is the primary purpose of using a Doppler effect? A. To measure the density of the tissues B. To visualize the structure of organs C. To determine the velocity of moving blood or tissue D. To enhance the contrast of the image None 3. SPI: Imaging Principles and Instrumentation Which of the following best describes the function of the transducer's matching layer? A. To convert electrical signals into ultrasound waves B. To focus the ultrasound beam at a specific depth C. To reduce the impedance mismatch between the transducer and the skin D. To protect the transducer elements from external damage None 4. SPI: Imaging Principles and Instrumentation What is the significance of the Nyquist limit in Doppler ultrasound? A. It determines the maximum depth that can be imaged. B. It specifies the highest velocity that can be measured without aliasing. C. It defines the minimum frequency needed for adequate tissue penetration. D. It indicates the optimal gain setting for image clarity. None 5. SPI: Imaging Principles and Instrumentation How does speckle reduction imaging (SRI) enhance ultrasound image quality? A. By increasing the frequency of the ultrasound wave B. By amplifying the signal-to-noise ratio C. By reducing the grainy appearance caused by interference of scattered ultrasound waves D. By focusing the ultrasound beam more narrowly None 6. SPI: Imaging Principles and Instrumentation What role does the pulse repetition frequency (PRF) play in ultrasound imaging? A. It determines the frequency of the ultrasound waves. B. It controls the rate at which ultrasound pulses are emitted. C. It adjusts the amplitude of the ultrasound waves. D. It changes the focus depth of the ultrasound beam. None 7. SPI: Imaging Principles and Instrumentation In what way does the 'time gain compensation' 'TGC' function affect ultrasound imaging? A. By compensating for the loss of signal intensity with depth B. By decreasing the imaging depth to speed up frame rates C. By enhancing the resolution of the ultrasound image D. By adjusting the frequency of the ultrasound beam None 8. SPI: Imaging Principles and Instrumentation What impact does the focal zone position have on ultrasound image quality? A. It alters the impedance of the tissues being imaged. B. It changes the velocity of the ultrasound wave. C. It affects the resolution and detail within the specific area of interest. D. It modifies the overall size of the image displayed. None 9. SPI: Imaging Principles and Instrumentation How does adjusting the 'dynamic range' setting influence the appearance of an ultrasound image? A. By changing the depth of field B. By altering the range of grayscale levels displayed C. By modifying the pulse repetition frequency D. By shifting the central frequency of the ultrasound beam None 10. SPI: Imaging Principles and Instrumentation What is the primary purpose of elastography in ultrasound imaging? A. To measure the velocity of blood flow B. To determine the elasticity or stiffness of tissues C. To enhance the contrast of the ultrasound image D. To calculate the attenuation coefficient of tissues None 11. SPI: Imaging Principles and Instrumentation Which parameter is primarily responsible for determining the axial resolution in ultrasound imaging? A. Pulse repetition frequency (PRF) B. Dynamic range C. Transducer frequency D. Time gain compensation (TGC) settings None 12. SPI: Imaging Principles and Instrumentation In Doppler ultrasound, what does the term 'aliasing' refer to? A. The artificial enhancement of the Doppler signal B. The appearance of flow in the opposite direction when the Doppler shift exceeds the Nyquist limit C. The reduction in signal amplitude due to attenuation D. The incorrect estimation of tissue elasticity in elastography None 13. SPI: Imaging Principles and Instrumentation What effect does increasing the ultrasound transducer's frequency have on tissue penetration and image resolution? A. Increases penetration and resolution B. Increases penetration but decreases resolution C. Decreases penetration but increases resolution D. Decreases both penetration and resolution None 14. SPI: Imaging Principles and Instrumentation In ultrasound imaging, what is the primary purpose of the A-mode (Amplitude mode) display? A. To provide three-dimensional imaging of structures B. To display the depth of a structure based on the time it takes for the echo to return C. To measure the velocity of blood flow using the Doppler effect D. To create cross-sectional images of organs and tissues None 15. SPI: Imaging Principles and Instrumentation What describes the phenomenon of 'acoustic enhancement' seen on ultrasound images? A. A shadowing effect seen behind structures that strongly absorb ultrasound waves B. An increase in echo amplitude seen behind structures that poorly absorb ultrasound waves C. A reduction in echo amplitude seen behind structures with high velocity D. An artifact caused by the reflection of sound waves at the skin surface None 16. SPI: Imaging Principles and Instrumentation How does the 'slicing thickness artifact' affect ultrasound imaging? A. It increases the contrast resolution of the image B. It falsely represents tissue structures that are not in the imaging plane C. It creates a mirror image of structures on the opposite side of a strong reflector D. It distorts the shape and size of structures in the imaging plane None 17. SPI: Imaging Principles and Instrumentation What is the purpose of 'compound imaging' in ultrasound technology? A. To visualize blood flow in vessels and tissues B. To increase the frame rate of ultrasound imaging C. To improve image quality by averaging images taken from different angles D. To measure the stiffness of tissues using shear wave velocities None 18. SPI: Imaging Principles and Instrumentation Which parameter is crucial for optimizing spatial resolution in B-mode ultrasound imaging? A. Pulse repetition frequency (PRF) B. Dynamic range C. Transducer bandwidth D. Time gain compensation (TGC) settings None 19. SPI: Imaging Principles and Instrumentation What role does 'pulse inversion imaging' play in ultrasound technology? A. It doubles the frame rate of the ultrasound image B. It is used to create three-dimensional ultrasound images C. It enhances Doppler imaging by increasing sensitivity to flow D. It improves contrast resolution by canceling out linear echoes None 20. SPI: Imaging Principles and Instrumentation In ultrasound imaging, how does 'mechanical index' (MI) relate to the use of contrast agents? A. It indicates the optimal frequency for Doppler imaging B. It measures the stiffness of tissues for elastography C. It predicts the likelihood of cavitation effects in tissues D. It quantifies the peak negative pressure relative to the square root of the frequency, influencing contrast bubble behavior None 21. SPI: Imaging Principles and Instrumentation What is the significance of 'anisotropy' in musculoskeletal ultrasound imaging? A. It refers to the variability in the appearance of structures due to their orientation relative to the ultrasound beam B. It denotes the uniform appearance of fluid-filled structures regardless of the imaging angle C. It describes the artifact resulting from the reflection of ultrasound waves at bone surfaces D. It indicates the presence of calcifications within the tissue None 22. SPI: Imaging Principles and Instrumentation How does 'phase array technology' influence the field of view in ultrasound imaging? A. It restricts the field of view to a narrow sector for high-resolution images B. It allows for electronic steering and focusing of the ultrasound beam, creating adjustable field of view C. It mechanically rotates the transducer to cover a larger field of view D. It uses multiple transducers to simultaneously image different planes None 23. SPI: Imaging Principles and Instrumentation In ultrasound imaging, the term "shadowing" refers to an artifact that typically occurs behind what type of structures? A. Highly absorbent structures like bone or calculi B. Low-density structures like cysts C. Uniformly dense tissues like the liver D. Fluid-filled structures like the urinary bladder None 24. SPI: Imaging Principles and Instrumentation What principle is utilized by "power Doppler" to visualize blood flow? A. Measurement of the velocity of moving reflectors B. Detection of the intensity of the Doppler signal rather than its frequency shift C. Visualization of turbulent flow patterns only D. Calculation of the reflector's angle of movement relative to the probe None 25. SPI: Imaging Principles and Instrumentation In the context of ultrasound transducer technology, what does "elevational resolution" specifically refer to? A. The ability to resolve structures in the plane perpendicular to the transducer surface B. The resolution along the axis of the ultrasound beam C. The resolution in the lateral dimension, parallel to the transducer surface D. The depth at which the ultrasound beam is focused None 26. SPI: Imaging Principles and Instrumentation How does the "contrast-to-tissue ratio" (CTR) enhance ultrasound image quality when using contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS)? A. By reducing the attenuation of sound waves in tissue B. By increasing the differentiation between the contrast agent and surrounding tissue C. By altering the speed of sound through the contrast medium D. By decreasing the mechanical index required for imaging None 27. SPI: Imaging Principles and Instrumentation What is the primary advantage of using "steered beam" technology in ultrasound imaging? A. It allows for real-time 3D imaging. B. It improves the frame rate by reducing the number of necessary pulses. C. It enhances spatial resolution by focusing the beam more precisely. D. It enables better visualization of structures at oblique angles by electronically steering the ultrasound beam. None 28. SPI: Imaging Principles and Instrumentation In the context of ultrasound imaging, "temporal resolution" is critically dependent on which of the following factors? A. The frequency of the transducer B. The size of the patient's body part being imaged C. The frame rate of the ultrasound system D. The depth of imaging None 29. SPI: Imaging Principles and Instrumentation The "bioeffects" of ultrasound are primarily concerned with which of the following? A. The diagnostic accuracy of ultrasound imaging B. The potential biological effects of ultrasound energy on tissues C. The ability of ultrasound to penetrate various tissues D. The effectiveness of ultrasound in therapeutic applications None 30. SPI: Imaging Principles and Instrumentation What is the role of "acoustic impedance" in determining the reflection of ultrasound waves at tissue interfaces? A. It has no effect on reflection; only the frequency of the ultrasound wave matters. B. It determines the speed of sound in tissue, which is unrelated to reflection. C. The greater the difference in acoustic impedance between two tissues, the more ultrasound waves are reflected. D. It only affects absorption, not reflection, of ultrasound waves. None 1 out of 30 Time is Up! Time's up
