SPI Domain 2: Physical Principles Welcome to your SPI Domain 2: Physical Principles 1. SPI: Physical Principles What is the primary effect of increasing the frequency of an ultrasound wave on tissue penetration? A. Decreases penetration and increases resolution B. Increases penetration and decreases resolution C. Increases both penetration and resolution D. Decreases both penetration and resolution None 2. SPI: Physical Principles In ultrasound imaging, what principle explains the change in pitch of the reflected sound wave due to motion? A. Piezoelectric effect B. Doppler effect C. Snell's law D. Huygens' principle None 3. SPI: Physical Principles Which of the following best describes the acoustic impedance of a medium? A. The medium's resistance to the flow of ultrasound energy B. The speed at which sound travels through the medium C. The density of the medium multiplied by the speed of sound in the medium D. The ability of the medium to reflect ultrasound waves None 4. SPI: Physical Principles What phenomenon occurs when the path of an ultrasound beam is altered as it crosses the boundary between two different media? A. Reflection B. Refraction C. Diffraction D. Attenuation None 5. SPI: Physical Principles Which of the following factors does NOT affect the attenuation of ultrasound in tissue? A. Frequency of the ultrasound wave B. Path length of the ultrasound wave through the tissue C. Temperature of the tissue D. Density of the tissue None 6. SPI: Physical Principles What is the term for the reduction in intensity of an ultrasound beam as it travels through a medium? A. Scattering B. Absorption C. Attenuation D. Refraction None 7. SPI: Physical Principles In ultrasound physics, what describes the piezoelectric effect? A. The conversion of electrical energy into mechanical energy and vice versa B. The bending of an ultrasound beam as it passes through different media C. The change in frequency of sound waves due to motion D. The reduction in sound wave intensity as it propagates through tissue None 8. SPI: Physical Principles Which principle explains the generation of harmonics in ultrasound imaging? A. Linear propagation B. Nonlinear propagation C. Continuous wave propagation D. Pulse-echo principle None 9. SPI: Physical Principles What is the primary purpose of using a gel during ultrasound examinations? A. To cool the transducer B. To reduce the acoustic impedance mismatch between the transducer and skin C. To lubricate the skin surface D. To disinfect the transducer surface None 10. SPI: Physical Principles What does the term 'spatial pulse length' describe in ultrasound imaging? A. The distance over which a single pulse occupies in space B. The duration of time a pulse lasts C. The intensity of the ultrasound beam D. The frequency of the ultrasound wave None 11. SPI: Physical Principles Which factor is primarily responsible for the speckle artifact in ultrasound images? A. Interference patterns from reflections within the tissue B. Nonlinear propagation of the ultrasound beam C. Inadequate attenuation compensation D. Refraction at tissue interfaces None 12. SPI: Physical Principles What effect does increasing the transducer frequency have on the beam width in ultrasound imaging? A. Increases the beam width, decreasing lateral resolution B. Decreases the beam width, increasing lateral resolution C. No effect on the beam width D. Initially decreases the beam width, then increases at higher frequencies None 13. SPI: Physical Principles What is the phenomenon that leads to the propagation of ultrasound waves in a straight line within a homogeneous medium? A. Refraction B. Reflection C. Diffraction D. Huygens' Principle None 14. SPI: Physical Principles In ultrasound imaging, what term describes the alteration of the beam's direction back toward the transducer after hitting a boundary between two different media? A. Transmission B. Reflection C. Refraction D. Scattering None 15. SPI: Physical Principles Which of the following best describes the effect of acoustic streaming in diagnostic ultrasound? A. Enhancement of the Doppler signal B. Improvement of image resolution C. Movement of particles in the medium along the beam path D. Increase in the attenuation coefficient None 16. SPI: Physical Principles What is the primary reason for using low-frequency ultrasound transducers for imaging deep tissues? A. Lower frequencies provide higher resolution images. B. Lower frequencies reduce the absorption and increase penetration depth. C. Lower frequencies enhance the Doppler effect. D. Lower frequencies minimize the risk of tissue heating. None 17. SPI: Physical Principles In the context of ultrasound physics, what does the term 'impedance mismatch' refer to? A. The difference in acoustic impedance between the transducer and the skin B. A discrepancy in the electrical impedance within the ultrasound machine C. The mismatch between the frequency of the transducer and the resonant frequency of the tissue D. The difference in acoustic impedance between two adjacent tissues None 18. SPI: Physical Principles What principle underlies the ability of ultrasound to measure the velocity of moving blood? A. Snell's law B. Doppler effect C. Piezoelectric effect D. Huygens' principle None 19. SPI: Physical Principles Which factor is crucial for determining the axial resolution in ultrasound imaging? A. The diameter of the transducer element B. The spatial pulse length of the ultrasound wave C. The level of attenuation in the tissue D. The speed of sound in the medium None 20. SPI: Physical Principles What is the effect of 'beam divergence' in ultrasound imaging? A. It improves the lateral resolution at deeper depths. B. It decreases the lateral resolution at deeper depths. C. It increases the axial resolution throughout the image. D. It reduces the attenuation of the ultrasound beam. 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