OAT Domain 1.1: Survey of the Natural Sciences, Biology Welcome to your OAT Domain 1.1: Survey of the Natural Sciences, Biology 1. OAT: Survey of the Natural Sciences, Biology Which of the following best describes the role of peroxisomes in eukaryotic cells? Synthesis of steroid hormones Breakdown of fatty acids and detoxification of harmful substances Conversion of light energy into chemical energy Packaging and sorting of protein products for secretion None 2. OAT: Survey of the Natural Sciences, Biology During which phase of the cell cycle does the chromosome number of a diploid cell become halved? Anaphase of mitosis Telophase of mitosis Anaphase I of meiosis Anaphase II of meiosis None 3. OAT: Survey of the Natural Sciences, Biology Which type of bond is primarily responsible for the secondary structure (alpha helices and beta sheets) of proteins? Peptide bonds Hydrogen bonds Disulfide bonds Ionic bonds None 4. OAT: Survey of the Natural Sciences, Biology In the lac operon, what is the role of the lac repressor? Binds lactose to initiate transcription Binds to the operator to prevent transcription Enhances the binding of RNA polymerase to the promoter Cuts lactose into glucose and galactose None 5. OAT: Survey of the Natural Sciences, Biology What is the primary role of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (RuBisCO) in plants? Glycolysis Calvin cycle Krebs cycle Electron transport chain None 6. OAT: Survey of the Natural Sciences, Biology Which of the following correctly lists the sequence of events during an action potential? Depolarization, repolarization, hyperpolarization Hyperpolarization, depolarization, repolarization Repolarization, hyperpolarization, depolarization Depolarization, hyperpolarization, repolarization None 7. OAT: Survey of the Natural Sciences, Biology Which organelle is primarily responsible for the synthesis of lipids? Golgi apparatus Lysosome Smooth endoplasmic reticulum Mitochondrion None 8. OAT: Survey of the Natural Sciences, Biology In genetics, what is the purpose of a Punnett square? To determine the genetic makeup of an individual To predict the outcome of genetic crosses To visualize protein synthesis To track chromosomal changes during meiosis None 9. OAT: Survey of the Natural Sciences, Biology Which pathway correctly represents the flow of electrons during photosynthesis? Water ? NADPH ? Oxygen Water ? Photosystem I ? NADPH Oxygen ? Photosystem II ? NADP+ NADPH ? Photosystem I ? Oxygen None 10. OAT: Survey of the Natural Sciences, Biology What is the main function of the antidiuretic hormone (ADH)? To decrease blood pressure To increase urine production To reduce water reabsorption in the kidneys To increase water reabsorption in the kidneys None 11. OAT: Survey of the Natural Sciences, Biology What is a Barr body? An inactive X chromosome in a male somatic cell An active X chromosome in a female somatic cell An inactive X chromosome in a female somatic cell A visible manifestation of a mutated chromosome None 12. OAT: Survey of the Natural Sciences, Biology Which enzyme is responsible for unwinding the DNA double helix during DNA replication? DNA polymerase Helicase Ligase Topoisomerase None 13. OAT: Survey of the Natural Sciences, Biology During the citric acid cycle, which compound donates acetyl groups for the cycle to proceed? Oxaloacetate Acetyl-CoA Citrate Malate None 14. OAT: Survey of the Natural Sciences, Biology What is the significance of the variable regions in antibodies? They determine the class of the antibody. They bind to specific antigens. They facilitate the crossing of the placenta. They are constant in all antibodies of the same class. None 15. OAT: Survey of the Natural Sciences, Biology Which process describes the movement of water across a semipermeable membrane from an area of low solute concentration to an area of high solute concentration? Active transport Osmosis Diffusion Endocytosis None 16. OAT: Survey of the Natural Sciences, Biology In a eukaryotic cell, where are proteins synthesized? Nucleolus Ribosomes Golgi apparatus Endoplasmic reticulum None 17. OAT: Survey of the Natural Sciences, Biology What role do microtubules play in cell division? They synthesize DNA. They transport organelles. They form the mitotic spindle. They produce ATP. None 18. OAT: Survey of the Natural Sciences, Biology Which of the following is a characteristic feature of apoptotic cells? Swelling of the cell and organelles Inflammation of the surrounding tissue Fragmentation into apoptotic bodies Release of cytochrome c into the extracellular space None 19. OAT: Survey of the Natural Sciences, Biology In the context of genetic imprinting, what does it mean when a gene is said to be "imprinted"? It is duplicated during replication. It is expressed in a parent-specific manner. It undergoes random mutation. It is transcribed into RNA but not translated into protein. None 20. OAT: Survey of the Natural Sciences, Biology What is the primary function of the enzyme telomerase during DNA replication? To unwind the DNA helix To add nucleotides to the lagging strand template To extend the telomeres To join Okazaki fragments None 1 out of 20 Time is Up! Time's up
