NCMA Domain 1: Pharmacology and General Medical Knowledge

Which of the following medications is primarily metabolized by the cytochrome P450 2D6 enzyme in the liver?

A patient diagnosed with chronic heart failure is most likely to be prescribed which of the following drug classes to improve symptoms and survival?

Which of the following drugs is used as a first-line treatment for a patient diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus?

In managing a patient with atrial fibrillation, which of the following medications is most effective in preventing stroke?

Which of the following antibiotic classes works by inhibiting bacterial protein synthesis at the 30S ribosomal subunit?

A medication order reads: "Administer digoxin 0.25 mg daily." Which of the following is the primary indication for prescribing digoxin?

The mechanism of action of NSAIDs (Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs) involves:

A patient on chronic therapy with corticosteroids would require close monitoring for the development of:

Which antihypertensive drug class is specifically recommended for patients with chronic kidney disease due to its protective effects on the kidneys?

The pharmacological treatment of tuberculosis involves the use of multiple drugs to prevent resistance. Which of the following is NOT typically included in the initial treatment regimen?

In the context of antiretroviral therapy for HIV, which of the following drug classes acts by inhibiting the enzyme integrase?

Which of the following medications is an example of a monoclonal antibody used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis?

A patient presents with severe depression and a history of bipolar disorder. Which of the following medication classes is contraindicated due to the risk of inducing mania?

In the treatment of acute gout attacks, which of the following medications is primarily used to reduce inflammation?

For a patient with advanced Parkinson's disease experiencing motor fluctuations, which medication might be added to optimize dopamine receptor stimulation?

Which of the following antiepileptic drugs is known for its mechanism of action involving sodium channel inhibition?

The primary action of loop diuretics, such as furosemide, in the management of congestive heart failure is to:

A drug that is classified as a "prodrug" requires which of the following to exert its therapeutic effect?

Which of the following is a major adverse effect of aminoglycoside antibiotics such as gentamicin?

What is the mechanism of action of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists used in the management of type 2 diabetes?