GRE Psychology Domain 2: Cognitive Welcome to your GRE Psychology Domain 2: Cognitive 1. GRE Psychology: Cognitive Which of the following best describes the concept of "chunking" in cognitive psychology? A. The process of gradually acquiring new information. B. Organizing items into familiar, manageable units. C. Recalling memories in the exact order they were experienced. D. The ability to pay attention to multiple stimuli at once. None 2. GRE Psychology: Cognitive In the context of problem-solving, what does the term "functional fixedness" refer to? A. The ability to find novel uses for familiar objects. B. The tendency to view objects as functioning only in their usual or customary way. C. The inability to solve problems due to lack of knowledge. D. The tendency to solve problems based on personal experience. None 3. GRE Psychology: Cognitive What does the Stroop Effect demonstrate? A. The interference of automatic processing with conscious control. B. The improvement of memory recall through repetition. C. The impact of social influence on decision making. D. The correlation between intelligence and reaction time. None 4. GRE Psychology: Cognitive Which type of memory is primarily engaged when an individual rehearses a phone number they just heard? A. Long-term memory B. Sensory memory C. Short-term memory D. Procedural memory None 5. GRE Psychology: Cognitive In cognitive psychology, the "availability heuristic" refers to: A. The tendency to judge the frequency or likelihood of an event by the ease with which relevant instances come to mind. B. The habit of focusing on one aspect of a situation while ignoring other relevant aspects. C. The practice of making decisions based on the first information received. D. The process of solving problems by applying known strategies. None 6. GRE Psychology: Cognitive What does the term "top-down processing" refer to in perception? A. The analysis of sensory information from the sensory receptors upwards. B. The influence of background knowledge and expectations on perception. C. The direct interpretation of stimuli without cognitive processing. D. The decoding of complex structures into simpler sensory components. None 7. GRE Psychology: Cognitive In cognitive psychology, "prospective memory" refers to: A. The ability to recall past experiences. B. Remembering to perform an intended action in the future. C. The process of learning new information. D. Remembering information over long periods. None 8. GRE Psychology: Cognitive What is the primary function of the "central executive" in Baddeley's model of working memory? A. To process visual and spatial information. B. To integrate information from various sources. C. To coordinate and regulate the operations of the phonological loop and visuospatial sketchpad. D. To store long-term memories. None 9. GRE Psychology: Cognitive The "serial position effect" in memory suggests that when recalling a list of items, individuals are most likely to remember: A. Items in the middle of the list. B. The first and last items on the list. C. The last items only. D. The first items only. None 10. GRE Psychology: Cognitive In cognitive psychology, "confirmation bias" refers to: A. The tendency to search for, interpret, favor, and recall information in a way that confirms one's preexisting beliefs or hypotheses. B. The inability to recall information that contradicts one's beliefs. C. The habit of changing one's beliefs to align with new information. D. The practice of evaluating arguments from both sides equally. None 11. GRE Psychology: Cognitive What is the primary focus of the "Cognitive Dissonance Theory" proposed by Leon Festinger? A. The relationship between thought and language. B. The process of memory consolidation. C. The psychological discomfort from holding contradictory beliefs. D. The development of problem-solving skills over the lifespan. None 12. GRE Psychology: Cognitive In the context of decision-making, the term "anchoring bias" refers to: A. The tendency to rely heavily on the first piece of information offered when making decisions. B. The habit of making decisions based on emotional responses rather than logical analysis. C. The preference for maintaining existing beliefs or behaviors. D. The inclination to seek out information that supports one's own views. None 13. GRE Psychology: Cognitive In cognitive psychology, the term "egocentric spatial representations" refers to: A. The ability to view the world from other people's perspectives. B. Mental representations of the spatial layout in relation to the self. C. The tendency to prioritize personal goals over spatial orientation. D. The representation of objects in an environment in absolute terms. None 14. GRE Psychology: Cognitive Which concept explains the phenomenon where individuals remember incomplete tasks better than completed tasks? A. Tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon B. Zeigarnik effect C. Misinformation effect D. Flynn effect None 15. GRE Psychology: Cognitive In the context of attention, "inattentional blindness" is best described as: A. The inability to recognize objects in peripheral vision. B. The failure to notice a fully-visible, but unexpected, object because attention was engaged on another task, event, or object. C. The gradual loss of focus over time. D. The difficulty in shifting attention from one task to another. None 16. GRE Psychology: Cognitive In the context of attention, "inattentional blindness" is best described as: A. The inability to recognize objects in peripheral vision. B. The failure to notice a fully-visible, but unexpected, object because attention was engaged on another task, event, or object. C. The gradual loss of focus over time. D. The difficulty in shifting attention from one task to another. None 17. GRE Psychology: Cognitive In the context of memory, the "method of loci" is a technique that involves: A. Associating items to be remembered with specific physical locations. B. Repeating information multiple times to enhance retention. C. Creating visual imagery to represent abstract concepts. D. Grouping similar items together to improve recall. None 18. GRE Psychology: Cognitive The phenomenon of "change blindness" occurs when: A. A person fails to notice large changes in a visual scene when the change coincides with a brief visual disruption. B. An individual's memory of an event is altered by misleading post-event information. C. There is a gradual decrease in the ability to detect a stimulus over prolonged exposure. D. The initial perception of an ambiguous stimulus locks into one interpretation. None 19. GRE Psychology: Cognitive In decision making, "loss aversion" refers to the tendency: A. To avoid decisions that could lead to losses, even if they offer a higher potential gain. B. To change decisions based on the influence of recent gains or losses. C. To make riskier decisions after experiencing a loss. D. To perceive potential losses as more significant than equivalent gains. None 20. GRE Psychology: Cognitive The "dual-coding theory" proposed by Allan Paivio suggests that: A. Information is better remembered when it is encoded both visually and verbally. B. Memory recall is enhanced when two different cognitive tasks are performed simultaneously. C. The brain has separate systems for processing verbal and nonverbal information. D. Cognitive tasks require both focused and divided attention to be effectively completed. None 21. GRE Psychology: Cognitive "Cognitive dissonance" is most likely to occur when: A. An individual encounters information that aligns with their existing beliefs. B. There is a significant difference between two options in decision-making. C. A person's actions are not in harmony with their attitudes or beliefs. D. An individual is presented with too much information simultaneously. None 22. GRE Psychology: Cognitive The "endowment effect" in behavioral economics refers to the tendency to: A. Overvalue something that one owns, regardless of its objective market value. B. Undervalue the benefits of a potential future investment. C. Prefer known risks over unknown risks. D. Make decisions based on potential future returns rather than current costs. None 23. GRE Psychology: Cognitive In memory research, the "generation effect" refers to the phenomenon that: A. Information is better remembered if it is generated from one's own mind rather than simply read. B. Memory capacity generates over time with the acquisition of new information. C. Generational differences impact the ability to form and retrieve memories. D. New memories generate interference with older, similar memories. None 24. GRE Psychology: Cognitive "Prosopagnosia" is a cognitive disorder characterized by: A. Difficulty in recognizing familiar faces. B. Inability to recall names of common objects. C. The loss of the ability to understand spoken language. D. Impaired ability to recognize and process sounds. None 25. GRE Psychology: Cognitive The phenomenon of "state-dependent learning" suggests that memory recall is most effective: A. When the learning and recall environments are physically similar. B. If the individual's psychological or physiological state during recall matches the state during learning. C. When the information to be recalled is related to current goals or interests. D. Immediately after the learning session without any delay. None 26. GRE Psychology: Cognitive In cognitive psychology, the "Barnum effect" is best described as: A. The tendency to accept vague and general personality descriptions as uniquely applicable to oneself. B. The phenomenon where individuals remember more positive than negative information about themselves. C. The tendency to underestimate the influence of personality factors in behavior. D. The habit of forming stereotypes based on minimal information. None 27. GRE Psychology: Cognitive The "tip-of-the-tongue" phenomenon is an example of: A. Proactive interference in memory. B. A failure in the encoding process of memory. C. A temporary inability to retrieve information that is known to be stored in one's memory. D. The gradual fading of memories over time. None 28. GRE Psychology: Cognitive The "Moses illusion" in cognitive psychology is an example of: A. The failure to notice contradictions in a text when they align with existing knowledge. B. The tendency to remember events as having occurred more recently than they actually did. C. The influence of leading questions on eyewitness memory. D. The preference for information that confirms existing beliefs. None 29. GRE Psychology: Cognitive In the context of cognitive biases, "belief perseverance" refers to: A. The tendency to maintain a belief even after the evidence supporting it has been discredited. B. The habit of forming beliefs based on anecdotal evidence. C. The tendency to seek out information that contradicts one's beliefs. D. The effect of authoritative figures on belief formation. None 30. GRE Psychology: Cognitive The "sunk cost fallacy" in decision-making is the tendency to: A. Make decisions based on potential future benefits rather than past losses. B. Continue a behavior or endeavor once an investment in money, effort, or time has been made. C. Focus only on the immediate costs and benefits of a decision. D. Ignore the financial costs involved in decision-making. None 1 out of 30 Time is Up! Time's up
