EMT Domain 1: Airway, Respiration, and Ventilation Welcome to your EMT Domain 1: Airway, Respiration, and Ventilation 1. EMT: Airway Respiration and Ventilation When assessing a patient with suspected tension pneumothorax, which of the following signs would be the earliest and most specific to this condition? A. Distended neck veins B. Tracheal deviation away from the affected side C. Hyperresonance on the affected side upon percussion D. Decreased breath sounds on the affected side None 2. EMT: Airway Respiration and Ventilation Which of the following techniques is considered the most effective for opening the airway of a patient with suspected cervical spine injury? A. Head tilt-chin lift B. Jaw thrust without head extension C. Modified chin lift D. Neck extension maneuver None 3. EMT: Airway Respiration and Ventilation In the context of mechanical ventilation, what does the term "barotrauma" refer to? A. Injury caused by rapid decompression B. Damage to the lungs due to high oxygen concentration C. Lung injury resulting from high airway pressures D. Trauma from repeated suctioning None 4. EMT: Airway Respiration and Ventilation Which of the following conditions is most likely to cause a flail chest? A. Asthma attack B. Rib fractures in two or more adjacent ribs in two or more places C. Pneumonia D. Chronic bronchitis None 5. EMT: Airway Respiration and Ventilation What is the primary concern when ventilating a patient with severe head trauma? A. Preventing hyperventilation to avoid increased intracranial pressure B. Providing supplemental oxygen to prevent hypoxia C. Ensuring rapid shallow breaths to increase CO2 levels D. Avoiding oxygen to prevent worsening the brain injury None 6. EMT: Airway Respiration and Ventilation In patients with severe COPD, why is it important to carefully manage oxygen therapy? A. To prevent respiratory arrest from too high oxygen levels B. To avoid increasing the risk of pneumothorax C. To prevent the loss of hypoxic drive D. To reduce the risk of carbon dioxide narcosis None 7. EMT: Airway Respiration and Ventilation When performing endotracheal intubation, what is the significance of bilateral lung sounds and the absence of gastric sounds? A. It indicates that the tube is correctly placed in the esophagus. B. It signifies that the tube is possibly in the right mainstem bronchus. C. It confirms correct placement in the trachea. D. It suggests the tube may have passed through the vocal cords but is not yet in the trachea. None 8. EMT: Airway Respiration and Ventilation What is the primary goal of CPAP (Continuous Positive Airway Pressure) in the prehospital setting for patients with respiratory distress? A. To sedate the patient and reduce anxiety B. To decrease the work of breathing and improve oxygenation C. To forcibly inflate the lungs and increase tidal volume D. To stimulate the respiratory center and increase respiratory rate None 9. EMT: Airway Respiration and Ventilation Why is it important to avoid over-ventilation in a patient with a traumatic brain injury (TBI)? A. It can lead to increased oxygen toxicity. B. It can cause pneumothorax due to increased intrathoracic pressure. C. It may result in hypocapnia, leading to cerebral vasoconstriction and reduced brain perfusion. D. It increases the risk of aspiration pneumonia. None 10. EMT: Airway Respiration and Ventilation In the prehospital management of asthma, why is it important to monitor for the silent chest in severe exacerbations? A. It indicates effective treatment and resolution of wheezing. B. It signifies a good prognosis and lessens the need for hospital admission. C. It is a sign of impending respiratory failure due to severe airway obstruction. D. It means the patient is conserving energy and reducing respiratory effort. None 11. EMT: Airway Respiration and Ventilation What is the main risk associated with using a high-flow oxygen delivery system in a patient with chronic hypercapnia? A. It can lead to oxygen-induced hypercapnia. B. It increases the risk of barotrauma. C. It may cause dehydration of respiratory mucosa. D. It could potentially worsen hypoxemia. None 12. EMT: Airway Respiration and Ventilation For a patient exhibiting signs of severe respiratory distress with audible stridor at rest, what is the most likely underlying condition? A. Pulmonary embolism B. Acute asthma exacerbation C. Upper airway obstruction D. Left-sided heart failure None 13. EMT: Airway Respiration and Ventilation In a patient with a tracheostomy tube who is experiencing respiratory distress, what is the first action an EMT should take? A. Administer high-flow oxygen via non-rebreather mask. B. Attempt to pass a suction catheter through the tracheostomy tube. C. Perform the Heimlich maneuver to clear any obstruction. D. Immediately replace the tracheostomy tube with a larger one. None 14. EMT: Airway Respiration and Ventilation Which of the following is a contraindication for the use of Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) in prehospital settings? A. Severe pneumonia B. Acute pulmonary edema C. Consciousness with an inability to protect the airway D. Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) exacerbation None 15. EMT: Airway Respiration and Ventilation When is it most appropriate to use a nasopharyngeal airway (NP A. instead of an oropharyngeal airway (OPA)? A) When the patient has a gag reflex B. In the presence of severe head trauma C. If the patient is conscious and alert D. When there is significant facial trauma None 16. EMT: Airway Respiration and Ventilation What is the main advantage of utilizing the Venturi mask for oxygen delivery in patients with chronic lung disease? A. It delivers a high flow of oxygen. B. It allows for precise control of oxygen concentration. C. It humidifies the oxygen before delivery. D. It promotes spontaneous ventilation. None 17. EMT: Airway Respiration and Ventilation In a patient experiencing an acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 'COPD', which of the following capnography readings is most indicative of adequate ventilation during treatment? A. An increasing end-tidal CO2 (EtCO2) with a normalizing waveform B. A rapidly decreasing EtCO2 level C. A consistently low EtCO2 level D. A high and unchanged EtCO2 level None 18. EMT: Airway Respiration and Ventilation When managing a patient with a suspected flail chest, why is it important to avoid excessive positive pressure ventilation? A. It can worsen the patient's pain and discomfort. B. It may increase the risk of converting a simple pneumothorax into a tension pneumothorax. C. It can lead to hyperinflation of the unaffected lung areas. D. It reduces the effectiveness of spontaneous breathing efforts. None 19. EMT: Airway Respiration and Ventilation Which of the following scenarios most accurately describes the appropriate use of cricothyrotomy in emergency airway management? A. As a first-line intervention in patients with severe facial trauma B. In cases where intubation is impossible due to severe upper airway obstruction C. For patients experiencing an asthma attack and unable to use an inhaler D. As an alternative to non-invasive ventilation techniques in respiratory distress None 20. EMT: Airway Respiration and Ventilation What is the primary rationale for the prehospital use of end-tidal CO2 monitoring in intubated patients? A. To measure the patient's metabolic rate B. To assess the effectiveness of cardiac compressions during CPR C. To confirm and continuously monitor the correct placement of the endotracheal tube D. To determine the patient's exact oxygen saturation level None 1 out of 20 Time is Up! Time's up
