ATDH Domain 5: Biology Welcome to your ATDH Domain 5: Biology 1. ATDH: Biology In mammalian cells, which component is primarily responsible for the detoxification of drugs and poisons? A. Golgi apparatus B. Lysosomes C. Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum D. Mitochondria None 2. ATDH: Biology During which phase of the cell cycle does DNA replication occur? A. G1 phase B. S phase C. G2 phase D. M phase None 3. ATDH: Biology Which of the following enzymes is responsible for unwinding the DNA double helix during replication? A. DNA polymerase B. Helicase C. Ligase D. Topoisomerase None 4. ATDH: Biology In eukaryotic gene expression, what is the function of the poly( A. tail? A) Initiating transcription B. Facilitating nuclear export of mRNA C. Enhancing the stability of mRNA D. Marking the mRNA for degradation None 5. ATDH: Biology What role do microtubules play during mitosis? A. DNA replication B. Cell membrane formation C. Chromosome movement D. RNA transcription None 6. ATDH: Biology Which of the following processes is an example of a catabolic reaction? A. Protein synthesis B. DNA replication C. Glycolysis D. Lipid assembly None 7. ATDH: Biology In the context of membrane transport, what is the primary function of a uniporter? A. Transporting two different molecules in opposite directions B. Transporting two different molecules in the same direction C. Transporting a single molecule down its concentration gradient D. Active transport of molecules against their concentration gradient None 8. ATDH: Biology Which of the following molecules acts as a second messenger in signal transduction pathways? A. DNA B. ATP C. cAMP D. RNA None 9. ATDH: Biology What is the primary role of ribosomal RNA (rRN A. in protein synthesis? A) Carrying amino acids to the ribosome B. Transferring genetic information from DNA to the ribosome C. Serving as a component of the ribosome and facilitating peptide bond formation D. Acting as a messenger between DNA and protein None 10. ATDH: Biology In the lac operon model of gene regulation in E. coli, what triggers the expression of lactose-metabolizing enzymes? A. The presence of glucose B. The absence of lactose C. The presence of lactose D. The absence of glucose None 11. ATDH: Biology Which of the following best describes the role of antioxidants in cellular processes? A. Catalyzing the breakdown of hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen B. Facilitating the synthesis of cellular energy in the form of ATP C. Neutralizing free radicals to prevent cell damage D. Transporting oxygen molecules across cell membranes None 12. ATDH: Biology In the human body, which type of cell is primarily involved in the process of antibody production? A. Red blood cells B. Platelets C. B lymphocytes D. T lymphocytes None 13. ATDH: Biology Which cellular structure is primarily responsible for the synthesis of proteins destined for secretion? A. Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum B. Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum C. Golgi Apparatus D. Nucleolus None 14. ATDH: Biology In the context of gene expression, what is the role of a promoter? A. Initiates replication B. Initiates transcription C. Terminates transcription D. Adds a poly(A) tail to mRNA None 15. ATDH: Biology What is the main function of the enzyme telomerase? A. To add nucleotides to the ends of chromosomes B. To repair double-strand breaks in DNA C. To unwind the DNA helix during replication D. To splice introns out of pre-mRNA None 16. ATDH: Biology Which of the following best describes the function of microRNAs (miRNAs) in gene regulation? A. Amplification of gene expression B. Repair of mutations in mRNA C. Inhibition of gene expression by targeting mRNA for degradation D. Facilitation of mRNA splicing None 17. ATDH: Biology During which process do sister chromatids separate to opposite poles of the cell? A. Prophase B. Metaphase C. Anaphase D. Telophase None 18. ATDH: Biology What is the primary role of the sodium-potassium pump in neuronal cells? A. Synthesizing neurotransmitters B. Facilitating synaptic transmission C. Maintaining the resting membrane potential D. Degrading extracellular neurotransmitters None 19. ATDH: Biology Which of the following is a characteristic feature of apoptosis? A. Inflammation in surrounding tissues B. Random DNA fragmentation C. Cell swelling and bursting D. Formation of apoptotic bodies None 20. ATDH: Biology In the Calvin cycle of photosynthesis, what molecule acts as the initial carbon acceptor? A. Glucose B. Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate C. Phosphoglycerate D. G3P (Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate) None 21. ATDH: Biology What is the primary function of chaperone proteins in the cell? A. DNA replication B. Protein folding C. Lipid metabolism D. mRNA degradation None 22. ATDH: Biology In eukaryotic cells, where does the Krebs cycle (Citric Acid Cycle) occur? A. Cytoplasm B. Mitochondrial matrix C. Mitochondrial intermembrane space D. Nucleus None 23. ATDH: Biology Which type of bond is primarily responsible for the secondary structure of proteins? A. Peptide bonds B. Hydrogen bonds C. Disulfide bridges D. Ionic bonds None 24. ATDH: Biology In genetics, what is the significance of Mendel's law of independent assortment? A. It describes how traits are inherited together because their genes are linked on the same chromosome. B. It explains that the inheritance of one trait does not affect the inheritance of another. C. It states that alleles for a trait separate when gametes are formed. D. It outlines how phenotypic traits are determined by the environment rather than genetics. None 25. ATDH: Biology Which enzyme is responsible for relieving the supercoiling tension in DNA ahead of the replication fork? A. DNA polymerase B. Helicase C. DNA ligase D. Topoisomerase None 26. ATDH: Biology In a eukaryotic cell, which organelle is primarily involved in the synthesis and processing of lipids and steroids? A. Lysosome B. Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum C. Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum D. Peroxisome None 27. ATDH: Biology What is the primary outcome of meiosis I in germ cells? A. Production of two diploid cells B. Production of two haploid cells C. Production of four diploid cells D. Production of four haploid cells None 28. ATDH: Biology Which molecule serves as the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain of aerobic respiration? A. Oxygen B. Carbon dioxide C. NAD+ D. FADH2 None 29. ATDH: Biology In the Hardy-Weinberg principle, which condition is NOT required for a population to be in genetic equilibrium? A. Large population size B. Random mating C. No migration D. Differential survival of offspring None 30. ATDH: Biology What type of cell signaling involves a cell targeting itself with signal molecules? A. Endocrine signaling B. Paracrine signaling C. Autocrine signaling D. Juxtacrine signaling None Time is Up! Time's up
