ASCP MLS Practice Test

In a patient with a Bombay phenotype (hh), which of the following blood group antigens would be expected to be absent?

Which of the following is the most appropriate immediate action if an ABO discrepancy is identified during pre-transfusion testing?

What phenotype would you expect in an individual who is homozygous for the Rh_null allele?

In the context of blood banking, the term "universal donor" refers to individuals with which blood type?

Which of the following blood groups is associated with resistance to certain forms of malaria?

The Kell blood group system is significant in transfusion medicine because:

The presence of which antigen is tested to differentiate between weak D and partial D phenotypes?

In transfusion medicine, which antibody is typically implicated in cases of delayed hemolytic transfusion reactions?

What is the most likely blood type of a child born to a mother with type O blood and a father with type AB blood?

Which of the following is a key feature of the Duffy blood group system?

What blood component is preferred for transfusion in patients with IgA deficiency to prevent anaphylactic reactions?

The Lewis blood group system is unique because:

In the Rh blood group system, which antigen is most commonly associated with hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn (HDFN)?

Which of the following is true about the P1 antigen?

What is the most likely cause of a positive direct antiglobulin test (DAT) in a newborn?

Which antibody screening result would you expect in a patient with the Chido/Rodgers (Ch/Rg) null phenotype?

What is the significance of detecting anti-E in a patient's serum during pre-transfusion testing?

For a patient with a known anti-Jka antibody, which of the following blood types would be safe to transfuse?

When observing a urine sediment under a microscope, you identify oval fat bodies. What condition do these structures most likely indicate?

In urinalysis, the presence of "muddy brown" granular casts most likely suggests:

Which of the following findings in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis is most indicative of a bacterial meningitis?

A urine sample demonstrates a specific gravity of 1.005 and a pH of 5.0. These findings are most consistent with:

In urinalysis, the identification of hexagonal crystals is most indicative of:

The presence of Schistosoma haematobium eggs in urine is most suggestive of:

A patient's urine shows the presence of broad and waxy casts. This finding is typically associated with:

The detection of "teardrop" red blood cells in a urine sediment is most commonly associated with:

In enzymology, what is the effect of a competitive inhibitor on the Km and Vmax of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction?

When assessing liver function, which of the following enzyme levels is most indicative of cholestatic disease?

In gas chromatography, what is the primary purpose of the stationary phase?

What is the primary clinical significance of measuring serum osmolality?

In clinical chemistry, what does an increased anion gap typically indicate?

Which of the following tests is most specific for diagnosing myocardial infarction?

In lipid profiling, what is the Friedewald equation used to calculate?

Which hormone's level would be most indicative of primary hyperparathyroidism?

What is the clinical significance of measuring serum ferritin levels in the context of anemia?

In the evaluation of kidney function, why is cystatin C considered a reliable marker?

Which of the following is a primary function of the bicarbonate buffer system in maintaining blood pH?

What does the measurement of HbA1c levels indicate in diabetic management?

Which of the following compounds is primarily measured in the assessment of bone turnover markers?

In the context of porphyrias, which laboratory test is essential for diagnosing acute intermittent porphyria?

What is the significance of measuring serum lactate levels in patients with suspected sepsis?

In therapeutic drug monitoring, why is it important to measure the trough level of a drug?

What does an elevated level of serum myoglobin indicate in the context of cardiovascular disorders?

In the context of lipid metabolism, what is the significance of measuring apolipoprotein B?

In diagnosing diabetes insipidus, which parameter is crucial in the water deprivation test?

When analyzing a bone marrow aspirate, the presence of which cell type is indicative of a primary myelofibrosis diagnosis?

What is the significance of detecting BCR-ABL1 fusion gene in a patient's leukocytes?

In the context of hemostasis, what role does von Willebrand factor (vWF) play in platelet adhesion?

What is the primary defect in Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria (PNH)?

In a patient with suspected Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation 'DIC', which laboratory finding is typically observed?

What is the most likely diagnosis when a blood smear shows schistocytes, helmet cells, and a negative Coombs test?

The presence of Reed-Sternberg cells in lymph node biopsy is characteristic of which hematologic disorder?

Which of the following mutations is most commonly associated with Polycythemia Vera?

In the evaluation of iron deficiency anemia, which of the following lab findings is most indicative of the condition?

What is the characteristic laboratory finding in a patient with hereditary spherocytosis?

Which coagulation factor is deficient in Hemophilia B?

The Philadelphia chromosome is a result of which of the following chromosomal translocations?

In acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL), the presence of which chromosomal translocation is considered pathognomonic?

What is the most common inherited cause of hypercoagulability, leading to an increased risk of venous thrombosis?

Which of the following is a key laboratory finding in Thalassemia Major?

The presence of "teardrop cells" on a peripheral blood smear is most commonly associated with which of the following conditions?

Auer rods are most typically associated with which type of leukemia?

Which of the following is the primary storage form of iron in the body?

In the context of coagulation, what is the primary function of thrombin?

In the context of immunology, what is the primary function of dendritic cells in the adaptive immune response?

Which of the following cytokines is primarily involved in the differentiation of Th2 cells?

What is the primary role of the Fc region of an antibody?

Which MHC class molecule presents antigen to CD8+ T cells?

In the context of hypersensitivity reactions, which type is associated with antibody-mediated cytotoxicity?

What is the role of the complement system in innate immunity?

Which of the following is a characteristic feature of natural killer (NK) cells?

In autoimmune diseases, what mechanism is primarily responsible for the loss of self-tolerance?

Which organism is most commonly associated with cold autoantibody autoimmune hemolytic anemia?

In a patient with a prosthetic valve, which organism is a common cause of subacute bacterial endocarditis?

Which of the following organisms is an obligate intracellular parasite known to cause Q fever?

What is the primary virulence factor of Vibrio cholerae that contributes to its pathogenicity?

Which organism is known to produce a red pigment at room temperature and is a common cause of urinary tract infections?

What is the characteristic morphology of Campylobacter jejuni on a gram stain?

Which organism is primarily responsible for causing atypical pneumonia and is known for its lack of a cell wall?

In the identification of fungi, what is the significance of observing a "spaghetti and meatballs" appearance under the microscope?

What is the main reason for performing an acid-fast stain in microbiology?

Which of the following bacteria is known to cause gas gangrene?

In the context of antimicrobial susceptibility testing, what does the minimum inhibitory concentration 'MIC' indicate?

Which organism is known to cause a "bull's-eye" rash in humans and is a common vector-borne pathogen in North America?

What is the primary reservoir for the bacteria Yersinia pestis, which causes plague?

In laboratory diagnostics, what is the significance of detecting "safety pin" appearance in a Gram stain for a rod-shaped bacterium?

Which of the following organisms is a Gram-negative rod that can cause gastroenteritis and is notably resistant to third-generation cephalosporins?

What is the hallmark microscopic feature of Cryptococcus neoformans when visualized using India ink?

Which of the following tests is used to differentiate Staphylococcus aureus from other staphylococci?

Legionella pneumophila, the bacterium responsible for Legionnaires' disease, primarily infects which of the following human organs?

In the identification of Enterobacteriaceae, what does a positive result in the methyl red test indicate?

When calibrating a spectrophotometer, which of the following solutions is typically used to adjust the instrument's baseline?

In the context of laboratory quality control, what is the primary purpose of implementing a Levey-Jennings chart?

Which of the following best describes the purpose of proficiency testing in a clinical laboratory?

What is the primary reason for performing daily temperature checks on a refrigerator used to store reagents and samples in a laboratory?

In laboratory waste management, what is the most appropriate action to take with a container of expired, but unused, chemical reagent?

When establishing a new laboratory test, which of the following parameters must be rigorously evaluated first?

What is the primary purpose of the Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments 'CLIA'?

When a laboratory encounters an unexpected spike in QC (Quality Control) data, what is the most appropriate initial action?

What is the primary purpose of the direct antiglobulin test (DAT)?