ASCP MLS Domain 3: Chemistry Welcome to your ASCP MLS Domain 3: Chemistry 1. ASCP MLS: Chemistry In enzymology, what is the effect of a competitive inhibitor on the Km and Vmax of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction? A. Km increases; Vmax remains unchanged B. Km decreases; Vmax decreases C. Km remains unchanged; Vmax decreases D. Km increases; Vmax decreases None 2. ASCP MLS: Chemistry When assessing liver function, which of the following enzyme levels is most indicative of cholestatic disease? A. Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) B. Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) C. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) D. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) None 3. ASCP MLS: Chemistry In gas chromatography, what is the primary purpose of the stationary phase? A. To transport the sample through the column B. To separate compounds based on their volatility C. To interact with analytes and separate them based on their affinity D. To provide a medium for reaction between analytes None 4. ASCP MLS: Chemistry What is the primary clinical significance of measuring serum osmolality? A. To assess renal concentration ability B. To evaluate respiratory function C. To determine blood glucose levels D. To measure electrolyte balance None 5. ASCP MLS: Chemistry In clinical chemistry, what does an increased anion gap typically indicate? A. Metabolic alkalosis B. Respiratory acidosis C. Metabolic acidosis D. Respiratory alkalosis None 6. ASCP MLS: Chemistry Which of the following tests is most specific for diagnosing myocardial infarction? A. Creatine kinase-MB B. Myoglobin C. Troponin D. Lactate dehydrogenase None 7. ASCP MLS: Chemistry In lipid profiling, what is the Friedewald equation used to calculate? A. Total cholesterol B. Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol C. High-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol D. Triglycerides None 8. ASCP MLS: Chemistry Which hormone's level would be most indicative of primary hyperparathyroidism? A. Parathyroid hormone (PTH) B. Calcitonin C. Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) D. Cortisol None 9. ASCP MLS: Chemistry What is the clinical significance of measuring serum ferritin levels in the context of anemia? A. To evaluate the oxygen-carrying capacity of red blood cells B. To assess iron storage levels in the body C. To determine the production rate of hemoglobin D. To measure the size of red blood cells None 10. ASCP MLS: Chemistry In the evaluation of kidney function, why is cystatin C considered a reliable marker? A. It is produced at a constant rate by all nucleated cells. B. It is unaffected by muscle mass. C. It directly measures glomerular filtration rate. D. It is exclusively filtered by the kidneys. None 11. ASCP MLS: Chemistry Which of the following is a primary function of the bicarbonate buffer system in maintaining blood pH? A. To neutralize strong acids to weak acids B. To convert carbon dioxide to oxygen C. To eliminate excess sodium ions D. To produce bicarbonate ions in the liver None 12. ASCP MLS: Chemistry What does the measurement of HbA1c levels indicate in diabetic management? A. Immediate blood glucose levels B. Average blood glucose over the past 3 months C. Insulin levels D. Pancreatic function None 13. ASCP MLS: Chemistry Which of the following compounds is primarily measured in the assessment of bone turnover markers? A. C-reactive protein B. Alkaline phosphatase C. Hemoglobin D. Albumin None 14. ASCP MLS: Chemistry In the context of porphyrias, which laboratory test is essential for diagnosing acute intermittent porphyria? A. Urinary porphobilinogen B. Serum iron C. Plasma porphyrins D. Red blood cell protoporphyrin None 15. ASCP MLS: Chemistry What is the significance of measuring serum lactate levels in patients with suspected sepsis? A. It indicates the level of oxygenation in tissues. B. It assesses the metabolic rate of glucose. C. It detects the presence of bacterial infection. D. It determines the degree of lactic acidosis. None 16. ASCP MLS: Chemistry In therapeutic drug monitoring, why is it important to measure the trough level of a drug? A. To ensure the drug concentration is not toxic B. To verify rapid absorption of the drug C. To determine the peak concentration of the drug D. To assess the drug's half-life None 17. ASCP MLS: Chemistry What does an elevated level of serum myoglobin indicate in the context of cardiovascular disorders? A. Hepatic dysfunction B. Renal impairment C. Myocardial infarction D. Hemolytic anemia None 18. ASCP MLS: Chemistry In the context of lipid metabolism, what is the significance of measuring apolipoprotein B? A. It assesses the risk of atherosclerosis. B. It determines the efficiency of lipid digestion. C. It measures the concentration of HDL in blood. D. It evaluates the storage of triglycerides. None 19. ASCP MLS: Chemistry In diagnosing diabetes insipidus, which parameter is crucial in the water deprivation test? A. Urine osmolality B. Blood glucose levels C. Serum insulin D. Urine ketone bodies None 20. ASCP MLS: Chemistry Which test is used to assess the risk of developing cardiovascular disease by measuring inflammation? A. Homocysteine B. C-reactive protein (CRP) C. Serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT) D. Alkaline phosphatase None 1 out of 20 Time is Up! Time's up
