CEN Domain 1: Cardiovascular Emergencies

A 55-year-old patient presents with chest pain, dyspnea, and palpitations. The ECG shows irregularly irregular rhythm without discernible P waves. Which of the following is the most appropriate initial management?

A patient with a known history of heart failure and recurrent chest pain is suspected of having aortic dissection. Which of the following diagnostic tests is most appropriate to confirm the diagnosis?

A patient arrives in the emergency department with signs of cardiogenic shock. Which of the following hemodynamic parameters is typically observed in cardiogenic shock?

In a patient presenting with acute myocardial infarction (AMI), which of the following ECG changes most specifically indicates injury to the myocardium?

A patient presents to the emergency department with severe chest pain and is diagnosed with a myocardial infarction. Which of the following medications is contraindicated in this patient due to the risk of increasing myocardial oxygen demand?

In the management of acute pulmonary edema secondary to heart failure, which of the following interventions is primarily aimed at reducing preload?

A 68-year-old patient with a history of chronic atrial fibrillation is being evaluated for syncope. Which of the following is the most appropriate next step in management?

In the context of hypertensive emergencies, which of the following drugs is most appropriate for the rapid reduction of blood pressure in a patient with acute ischemic stroke?

A patient with a ventricular septal defect post-myocardial infarction is exhibiting signs of heart failure. Which of the following is the most likely cause of these symptoms?

Which of the following conditions is associated with a high risk of developing cardiac tamponade following a myocardial infarction?

In a patient with acute pericarditis, which of the following ECG findings is most characteristic?

Which of the following is the preferred treatment for a patient presenting with symptomatic bradycardia with a heart rate of 40 bpm and hypotension?

Which of the following laboratory findings is most indicative of cardiac tamponade in a patient presenting with hypotension, jugular venous distension, and muffled heart sounds?

In a patient presenting with suspected Takotsubo cardiomyopathy, which of the following echocardiographic findings is most characteristic?

A patient with end-stage renal disease on hemodialysis presents with severe hyperkalemia and characteristic ECG changes. Which of the following treatments should be administered first?

Which of the following is the most appropriate initial management for a patient with acute right ventricular infarction?

For a patient presenting with Marfan syndrome and sudden onset of severe chest pain radiating to the back, which of the following diagnostic procedures is most critical to determine the cause of the symptoms?

In the management of a patient with a large anterior wall myocardial infarction, which of the following complications is most important to monitor for within the first 24 hours?

Which of the following is the most effective therapeutic intervention to prevent stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation?

A patient presents with chest pain, fever, and a friction rub on auscultation. ECG shows diffuse ST elevation. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?